High-quality single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films were lightly fluorinated by treatment with xenon difluoride at room temperature, which led to the formation of ionic C-F bonds on tube walls and controllable p-type doping of the nanotubes. The fluorinated SWCNT films showed improved electronic conductivity and a higher work function. In addition, the fluorination process increased the areal density of SWCNT films and decreased their surface roughness, leading to better interface contact between them and silicon. As a result, a heterojunction solar cell constructed using the lightly fluorinated SWCNT film has a high power conversion efficiency of 13.6% and excellent stability.

高质量的单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）薄膜通过在室温下用二氟化氙进行处理而轻微氟化，这导致在管壁上形成离子CF键和可控的p型掺杂。氟化的SWCNT薄膜显示出改善的电子导电性和更高的功函。此外，氟化过程增加了SWCNT薄膜的面密度，并降低了其表面粗糙度，从而导致它们与硅之间的界面接触更好。结果，使用轻氟化的SWCNT膜构造的异质结太阳能电池具有13.6％的高功率转换效率和优异的稳定性。