Abstract This study attempts to valorize the multiple pharmacological properties of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir., also known as dragon’s blood tree, with wide applications in African traditional medicine. The antioxidant and inhibitory activity of H. madagascariensis leaves and stem bark extracts (ethyl acetate, aqueous extracts, and methanol) against enzymes related to diabetes (α-glucosidase, α-amylase), epidermal hyperpigmentation problems (tyrosinase), and Alzheimer’s disease (acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase) were evaluated. The phytochemical profiles of the extracts were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS), observing the presence of procyanidins and flavonoids, particularly in the leaves’ extracts. The radical scavenging and reducing power of H. madagascariensis leaves’ extracts were greater than the stem bark extracts. The methanol extracts of leaves (4.61 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g extract) and stem bark (4.68 mg galantamine (GALAE)/g extract) of H. madagascariensis inhibited acetyl cholinesterase. Methanol extracts (153.55 and 147.07 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g extract, for leaves and stem bark extracts, respectively) of H. madagascariensis showed high tyrosinase inhibition. Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed. The observed pharmacological effects of H. madagascariensis support that this plant may be a promising candidate for the development of novel pharmacophores for the treatment of diabetes, epidermal hyperpigmentation problems, Alzheimer’s disease, and other oxidative-stress-related complications.

中文翻译：

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探索 Harungana madagascariensis Lam 的化学特征和生物活性。前普尔。叶和茎皮提取物：原花青素的新来源

摘要 本研究试图评估 Harungana madagascariensis Lam 的多种药理特性。ex Poir.，又称龙血树，在非洲传统医学中应用广泛。H. madagascariensis 叶和茎皮提取物（乙酸乙酯、水提取物和甲醇）对糖尿病相关酶（α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶）、表皮色素沉着过度问题（酪氨酸酶）和阿尔茨海默病的抗氧化和抑制活性（乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶）进行了评估。提取物的植物化学特征通过高效液相色谱与二极管阵列检测和质谱 (HPLC-DAD-MS) 进行研究，观察原花青素和类黄酮的存在，特别是在叶子的提取物中。H的自由基清除和还原能力。madagascariensis 叶的提取物大于茎皮提取物。H. madagascariensis 的叶甲醇提取物（4.61 毫克雪花胺当量（GALAE）/g 提取物）和茎皮（4.68 毫克雪花胺（GALAE）/g 提取物）抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶。H. madagascariensis 的甲醇提取物（153.55 和 147.07 mg 曲酸当量 (KAE)/g 提取物，分别用于叶和茎皮提取物）显示出高度的酪氨酸酶抑制。还进行了相关性和主成分分析 (PCA)。观察到的 H. madagascariensis 的药理作用支持这种植物可能是开发用于治疗糖尿病、表皮色素沉着过度问题、阿尔茨海默病和其他氧化应激相关并发症的新型药效团的有希望的候选者。