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RLIP controls receptor-ligand signaling by regulating clathrin-dependent endocytosis.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188337
Sharad S Singhal 1 , Ravi Salgia 1 , Nisan Verma 2 , David Horne 3 , Sanjay Awasthi 4
Affiliation  

RLIP (Ral-interacting protein) is a multifunctional protein that couples ATP hydrolysis with the movement of substances. Its primary function appears to be in the plasma membrane, where it catalyzes the ATP-dependent efflux of glutathione-conjugates (GS-Es), as well as un-metabolized drugs and toxins. In the plasma membrane, its interaction with the clathrin adaptor protein AP2 localizes it to endocytic vesicle, where its GS-E-stimulated ATPase and transport activity are required for clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE). CDE is an essential mechanism for internalizing ligand-receptor complexes that signal proliferation (EGF, insulin, IGF1), apoptosis (TNFα, TRAIL, Fas-L), and differentiation and morphogenesis (TGFβ, WNT, Notch, SHH). Aberrant functioning of these pathways appears crucial for most cancer cells to evade apoptosis, invade surrounding tissues, and metastasize. Internalization of receptor-ligand complexes by CDE begins a sequence of events that can terminate, initiate, or modulate downstream signaling; the consequences of signaling through these downstream pathways may be inherently different in cancer and normal cells, a view supported by numerous basic and clinical observations. In this review, we will discuss the GS-E transport activity of RLIP, which determines the rate of ligand endocytosis, and how the inhibition and/or depletion of RLIP globally disrupts in ligand-receptor signaling.

中文翻译:

RLIP通过调节网格蛋白依赖性内吞作用来控制受体-配体信号传导。

RLIP(Ral相互作用蛋白)是一种多功能蛋白,可将ATP水解与物质运动耦合在一起。它的主要功能似乎是在质膜上,它催化谷胱甘肽结合物(GS-Es)以及未代谢的药物和毒素的ATP依赖性外排。在质膜中,其与网格蛋白衔接蛋白AP2的相互作用将其定位于内吞囊泡,其中网格蛋白依赖的内吞作用(CDE)需要其GS-E刺激的ATPase和转运活性。CDE是使配体-受体复合物内化的基本机制,该复合物可信号扩散(EGF,胰岛素,IGF1),凋亡(TNFα,TRAIL,Fas-L)以及分化和形态发生(TGFβ,WNT,Notch,SHH)。这些通路的异常功能对于大多数癌细胞逃避凋亡至关重要,侵入周围组织并转移。CDE对受体-配体复合物的内在化开始了一系列事件,这些事件可以终止,引发或调节下游信号传导。在癌症和正常细胞中,通过这些下游途径进行信号传导的后果可能会固有地不同,这一观点得到了许多基础和临床观察的支持。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论RLIP的GS-E转运活性,该活性决定了配体内吞的速率,以及RLIP的抑制和/或耗竭是如何在配体-受体信号传导中全面破坏的。在癌症和正常细胞中,通过这些下游途径进行信号传导的后果可能会固有地不同,这一观点得到了许多基础和临床观察的支持。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论RLIP的GS-E转运活性,该活性决定了配体内吞的速率,以及RLIP的抑制和/或耗竭是如何在配体-受体信号传导中全面破坏的。在癌症和正常细胞中,通过这些下游途径进行信号传导的后果可能会固有地不同,这一观点得到了许多基础和临床观察的支持。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论RLIP的GS-E转运活性,该活性决定了配体内吞的速率,以及RLIP的抑制和/或耗竭是如何在配体-受体信号传导中全面破坏的。
更新日期:2020-01-02
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