Lithium metal anode has been considered as an ideal anode for the next generation lithium batteries owing to its high energy density. However, its practical application is still limited by the low Coulombic efficiency and poor safety performance due to the lithium dendrites caused by uncontrollable lithium deposition and unstable solid electrolyte interphase. In this work, we report for the first time the in-situ synthesis of S-doped carbon nanospheres with ordered mesoporous channels used as the functional scaffold for safe and stable lithium metal anode. S-doping, large surface area and ordered mesoporous structure of the carbon spheres provide homogenous nucleation sites, regulated local current density and facilitated mass transport, which induce uniform lithium nucleation and the subsequent dendrite-free growth. As a result, the fabricated anode exhibits high Coulombic efficiency up to ∼97.5 % within 220 cycles. The symmetric cell also presents stable potential hysteresis below 15 mV with ultralong cycling life up to 1600 h at a current density of 0.5 mA cm^-2. Full cell coupled with commercial LiFePO₄ as cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of ∼135.0 mAh g^-1 after 300 cycles at 1 C, showing high potential in practical application as stable lithium metal anodes.

锂金属阳极由于其高能量密度而被认为是下一代锂电池的理想阳极。然而，由于锂的不可控制的沉积和不稳定的固体电解质界面引起的锂树枝状结晶，其实际应用仍然受到库仑效率低和安全性能差的限制。在这项工作中，我们是第一次现场报告合成有序介孔通道的S掺杂碳纳米球，用作安全稳定的锂金属阳极的功能支架。碳球的S掺杂，较大的表面积和有序的介孔结构提供了均匀的成核位点，调节的局部电流密度并促进了质量传输，从而诱导了均匀的锂成核和随后的无枝晶生长。结果，制成的阳极在220个循环内显示出高达97.5％的高库仑效率。在电流密度为0.5 mA cm ^-2的情况下，对称电池还具有低于15 mV的稳定电势滞后以及长达1600 h的超长循环寿命。全电池与商用LiFePO ₄耦合作为阴极可提供约135.0 mAh g ^-1的高可逆容量 在1 C下经过300次循环后，在实际应用中显示出作为稳定的锂金属阳极的高电势。