The missing link in plastic mass balance between mismanaged plastic waste worldwide and plastic waste effectively detected in marine environments has recently risen the attention on microplastics. In fact, beside primary sources of microplastics such as cosmetic products and textile fires, there are secondary microplastics generated from plastic items due to weathering agents and biological degradation. While the marine and fresh water environments are actually of great concern, ground environments, and matrices related to it, have been less considered in the last years research about microplastics detection. Major attention should be reserved to solid heterogeneous matrices, such as soil, compost, sediments and sludges. Worldwide regulations about compost, which is used as amendant in agricultural fields, have a threshold ranging from 2 to 15 mm for the requirements related to plastic impurities. Microplastics which pass through the mesh of the threshold sieve are considered assimilable to compost. One of the main lacks that prevents the improvement of these regulation, is a standard protocol for microplastics detection in solid heterogeneous matrices. To this purpose, the current review proposes an outline of methods tested in previous research for microplastics recovery and identification in the matrices of our interest.

最近，全球管理不善的塑料废物与在海洋环境中有效检测到的塑料废物之间在塑料质量平衡方面缺少联系，这引起了人们对微塑料的关注。实际上，除了主要的微塑料来源（如化妆品和纺织品起火）外，由于风化剂和生物降解作用，塑料制品还产生了次要的微塑料。尽管海洋和淡水环境实际上是人们最关心的问题，但是在最近几年有关微塑料检测的研究中，地面环境和与之相关的基质很少被考虑。应特别注意固体异质基质，例如土壤，堆肥，沉积物和污泥。有关堆肥的全球法规，这些法规被用作农业领域的改良剂，对于与塑料杂质有关的要求，其阈值范围为2到15 mm。穿过门槛筛网的微塑料被认为可与堆肥同化。阻止改善这些法规的主要缺陷之一是固体异质基质中微塑料检测的标准方案。为此，本综述提出了在先前研究中测试过的方法概述，以用于我们感兴趣的基质中的微塑料回收和鉴定。