Abstract The present study is intended to adopt a facile method for preparing a sulphonated green carbon catalyst from date pits biomass. Catalyst synthesis involves in situ carbonization and sulphonation and it has been characterized by following techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET. Surface and internal morphology results exhibited that the synthesized sulphonated carbon material possesses a mesoporous structure, while activated carbon possesses a microporous structure. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of acidic groups ( OH, COOH, and SO 3 H) in synthesized sulphonated carbon material. Sulphonated carbon material exhibited high acidity (4.7 mmol/g) and good thermal stability. The application of this catalyst for the tertiary butylation of phenol without using any solvent has been investigated. The phenol alkylation reaction showed maximum conversion at reaction condition: temperature (140 °C) with 2 bar (nitrogen gas) pressure with maximum phenol conversion 79.27 wt%, with 68.01% selectivity towards 4TBP+2,4TBP, which is used as an intermediate in antioxidants. The catalyst exhibits comparable catalytic performance up to five reaction cycles. Thus it can be concluded that waste date pits can be successfully employed for green catalyst synthesis and used for reactions involving large molecules.

中文翻译：

---

废枣坑合成苯酚叔丁基化绿色碳催化剂的评价

摘要 本研究旨在采用一种简便的方法以枣核生物质为原料制备磺化绿色碳催化剂。催化剂合成涉及原位碳化和磺化，并已通过以下技术表征，例如 XRD、SEM、EDX、TEM、FTIR、TGA 和 BET。表面和内部形态结果表明合成的磺化碳材料具有介孔结构，而活性炭具有微孔结构。此外，傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱证实了合成的磺化碳材料中存在酸性基团（OH、COOH 和 SO 3 H）。磺化碳材料表现出高酸度（4.7 mmol/g）和良好的热稳定性。已经研究了该催化剂在不使用任何溶剂的情况下苯酚叔丁基化反应中的应用。苯酚烷基化反应在反应条件下显示出最大转化率：温度 (140 °C) 和 2 bar（氮气）压力，最大苯酚转化率为 79.27 wt%，对 4TBP+2,4TBP 的选择性为 68.01%，用作中间体在抗氧化剂中。该催化剂在多达五个反应周期内表现出相当的催化性能。因此可以得出结论，废枣坑可以成功地用于绿色催化剂合成和涉及大分子的反应。对 4TBP+2,4TBP 的选择性为 01%，用作抗氧化剂的中间体。该催化剂在多达五个反应周期内表现出相当的催化性能。因此可以得出结论，废枣坑可以成功地用于绿色催化剂合成和涉及大分子的反应。对 4TBP+2,4TBP 的选择性为 01%，用作抗氧化剂的中间体。该催化剂在多达五个反应周期内表现出相当的催化性能。因此可以得出结论，废枣坑可以成功地用于绿色催化剂合成和涉及大分子的反应。