Abstract A simple, rapid and low-cost electroanalytical method is proposed for the determination of acetaminophen (ACP) and codeine (COD) at nanomolar levels in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The analytical procedure is based on a flow injection analysis system coupled to electrochemical detection, which was multiple pulse amperometry (FIA-MPA). Boron-doped diamond was used as the working electrode for electrochemical detection. The electrode was subjected to a cathodic pretreatment and was selected in this work due its good electrochemical performance. By applying the FIA-MPA method, after a number of optimization assays, the analgesics were simultaneously determined at excellent linear concentration ranges. The analytical curves ranged from 80 nmol L −1 to 100 µmol L −1 for ACP and from 50 nmol L −1 to 10 µmol L −1 for COD, and the obtained limits of detection were 30 nmol L −1 and 35 nmol L −1 for ACP and COD, respectively. The practical applicability of the electroanalytical method was evaluated from the ACP and COD determination in two sample matrices: commercial pharmaceutical samples and biological fluids. In the case of pharmaceutical formulation samples, the obtained results were statistically similar to those obtained using a reference chromatographic method. In addition, these drugs were simultaneously quantified in biological fluid samples of urine and human serum with excellent recovery percentages.

中文翻译：

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具有电化学检测的流动注射分析系统，用于同时测定纳摩尔水平的对乙酰氨基酚和可待因

摘要 提出了一种简单、快速和低成本的电分析方法，用于测定药物和生物样品中纳摩尔级的对乙酰氨基酚 (ACP) 和可待因 (COD)。分析程序基于与电化学检测耦合的流动注射分析系统，即多脉冲电流分析法 (FIA-MPA)。掺硼金刚石用作电化学检测的工作电极。电极经过阴极预处理，由于其良好的电化学性能而被选中。通过应用 FIA-MPA 方法，经过多次优化分析后，可以同时在极好的线性浓度范围内测定镇痛剂。ACP 的分析曲线范围为 80 nmol L -1 至 100 µmol L -1，COD 的分析曲线范围为 50 nmol L -1 至 10 µmol L -1，ACP 和 COD 的检测限分别为 30 nmol L -1 和 35 nmol L -1。电分析方法的实际适用性通过两种样品基质中的 ACP 和 COD 测定来评估：商业药物样品和生物液体。在药物制剂样品的情况下，获得的结果与使用参考色谱方法获得的结果在统计学上相似。此外，这些药物在尿液和人血清的生物体液样本中同时定量，回收率非常好。商业药物样品和生物体液。在药物制剂样品的情况下，获得的结果与使用参考色谱方法获得的结果在统计学上相似。此外，这些药物在尿液和人血清的生物体液样本中同时定量，回收率非常好。商业药物样品和生物体液。在药物制剂样品的情况下，获得的结果与使用参考色谱方法获得的结果在统计学上相似。此外，这些药物在尿液和人血清的生物体液样本中同时定量，回收率非常好。