While using the titanium organic complex as a starting material under widely various seed concentrations and temperature conditions, this study examined the reaction kinetics of titanium oxide formation on nickel particles. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation depending on temperature were studied from the perspective of reaction engineering for core–shell type particle design. Homogeneous nucleation and the growth rate were comparable: around 250 °C with 4.8 wt% nickel loading. Heterogeneous reaction is dominant by lowering the temperature or increasing the seed amount. Moreover, acceleration of titanium oxide formation using nickel seeds and further acceleration were found after covering nickel with titanium oxide. Homogeneous amorphous shell formation was confirmed with nanoscale analysis, which is expected to be promising for applications such as multilayer ceramic capacitors.

在广泛的各种种子浓度和温度条件下使用钛有机配合物作为起始原料时，这项研究检查了镍颗粒上氧化钛形成的反应动力学。从核-壳型颗粒设计的反应工程学角度研究了取决于温度的均相和异相成核。均相成核和生长速率是可比较的：大约250°C，镍负载量为4.8 wt％。通过降低温度或增加种子数量，异质反应占主导地位。此外，发现使用镍晶种促进氧化钛形成以及在用氧化钛覆盖镍之后进一步加速。纳米尺度分析证实了均相非晶壳的形成，