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Sex differences in brain structure: a twin study on restricted and repetitive behaviors in twin pairs with and without autism.
Molecular Autism ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-31 , DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0309-x
Annelies Van't Westeinde 1, 2 , Élodie Cauvet 1, 2 , Roberto Toro 3, 4, 5 , Ralf Kuja-Halkola 6 , Janina Neufeld 1, 2 , Katell Mevel 7 , Sven Bölte 1, 2, 8, 9
Affiliation  

Background Females with autism spectrum disorder have been reported to exhibit fewer and less severe restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests compared to males. This difference might indicate sex-specific alterations of brain networks involved in autism symptom domains, especially within cortico-striatal and sensory integration networks. This study used a well-controlled twin design to examine sex differences in brain anatomy in relation to repetitive behaviors. Methods In 75 twin pairs (n = 150, 62 females, 88 males) enriched for autism spectrum disorder (n = 32), and other neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 32), we explored the association of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests-operationalized by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (C domain) and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior subscale)-with cortical volume, surface area and thickness of neocortical, sub-cortical, and cerebellar networks. Results Co-twin control analyses revealed within-pair associations between RRBI symptoms and increased thickness of the right intraparietal sulcus and reduced volume of the right orbital gyrus in females only, even though the mean number of RRBIs did not differ between the sexes. In a sub-sample of ASD-discordant pairs, increased thickness in association with RRBIs was found exclusively in females in the orbitofrontal regions, superior frontal gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus, while in males RRBIs tended to be associated with increased volume of the bilateral pallidum. Limitations However, due to a small sample size and the small difference in RRBI symptoms within pairs, the results of this exploratory study need to be interpreted with caution. Conclusions Our findings suggest that structural alterations of fronto-parietal networks in association with RRBIs are found mostly in females, while striatal networks are more affected in males. These results endorse the importance of investigating sex differences in the neurobiology of autism symptoms, and indicate different etiological pathways underlying restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in females and males.

中文翻译:

大脑结构的性别差异:对有自闭症和没有自闭症的双胞胎中受限和重复行为的一项孪生研究。

背景技术据报道,与男性相比,患有自闭症谱系障碍的女性表现出越来越少的受限和重复的行为和兴趣。这种差异可能表明自闭症症状域所涉及的大脑网络具有特定性别的变化,尤其是在皮质-纹状体和感觉统合网络内。这项研究使用了控制良好的双胞胎设计,研究了与重复行为相关的大脑解剖结构中的性别差异。方法:在75对双胞胎(n = 150,女性62,男性88)中,患有自闭症谱系障碍(n = 32)和其他神经发育障碍(n = 32),我们探索了自闭症诊断访谈(修订版)(C域)和社会反应能力量表2(受限兴趣和重复行为分量表)对皮层的体积,表面积和新皮层厚度的限制和重复性行为与兴趣的关联。 ,皮质下和小脑网络。结果双胎对照分析显示,即使女性之间RRBI的平均数没有差异,也仅在女性中RRBI症状与右顶壁内沟厚度增加和右眼眶回体积减少之间存在配对关系。在ASD不一致对的子样本中,仅在眶额区,额额上回和顶壁沟内的雌性中发现与RRBIs相关的厚度增加,而在男性中,RRBIs往往与双侧苍白球的体积增加有关。局限性然而,由于样本量较小且两对之间的RRBI症状差异较小,因此需要谨慎解释此探索性研究的结果。结论我们的发现表明,与RRBIs相关的额顶网络的结构改变主要在女性中发现,而纹状体网络在男性中受到的影响更大。这些结果证实了在自闭症症状的神经生物学中研究性别差异的重要性,并表明了在男性和女性中受限和重复性行为和兴趣背后的不同病因途径。由于样本量较小且成对的RRBI症状差异较小,因此需要谨慎解释此探索性研究的结果。结论我们的发现表明,与RRBIs相关的额顶网络的结构改变主要在女性中发现,而纹状体网络在男性中受到的影响更大。这些结果证实了在自闭症症状的神经生物学中研究性别差异的重要性,并表明了在男性和女性中受限和重复性行为和兴趣背后的不同病因途径。由于样本量较小且成对的RRBI症状差异较小,因此需要谨慎解释此探索性研究的结果。结论我们的发现表明,与RRBIs相关的额顶网络的结构改变主要在女性中发现,而纹状体网络在男性中受到的影响更大。这些结果证实了在自闭症症状的神经生物学中研究性别差异的重要性,并表明了在男性和女性中受限和重复性行为和兴趣背后的不同病因途径。而男性的纹状体网络受影响更大。这些结果证实了在自闭症症状的神经生物学中研究性别差异的重要性,并表明了在男性和女性中受限和重复性行为和兴趣背后的不同病因途径。而男性的纹状体网络受影响更大。这些结果证实了在自闭症症状的神经生物学中研究性别差异的重要性,并表明了在男性和女性中受限和重复性行为和兴趣背后的不同病因途径。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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