BACKGROUND Given the sudden and unexpected nature of an emergency caesarean section (EmCS) coupled with an increased risk of psychological distress, it is particularly important to understand the psychosocial outcomes for women. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify, collate and examine the evidence surrounding women's psychosocial outcomes of EmCS worldwide. METHODS The electronic databases of EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO were searched between November 2017 and March 2018. To ensure articles were reflective of original and recently published research, the search criteria included peer-reviewed research articles published within the last 20 years (1998 to 2018). All study designs were included if they incorporated an examination of women's psychosocial outcomes after EmCS. Due to inherent heterogeneity of study data, extraction and synthesis of both qualitative and quantitative data pertaining to key psychosocial outcomes were organised into coherent themes and analysis was attempted. RESULTS In total 17,189 articles were identified. Of these, 208 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. One hundred forty-nine articles were further excluded, resulting in the inclusion of 66 articles in the current systematic literature review. While meta-analyses were not possible due to the nature of the heterogeneity, key psychosocial outcomes identified that were negatively impacted by EmCS included post-traumatic stress, health-related quality of life, experiences, infant-feeding, satisfaction, and self-esteem. Post-traumatic stress was one of the most commonly examined psychosocial outcomes, with a strong consensus that EmCS contributes to both symptoms and diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS EmCS was found to negatively impact several psychosocial outcomes for women in particular post-traumatic stress. While investment in technologies and clinical practice to minimise the number of EmCSs is crucial, further investigations are needed to develop effective strategies to prepare and support women who experience this type of birth.

中文翻译：

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紧急剖腹产后妇女的心理社会后果：系统的文献综述。

背景技术鉴于紧急剖腹产（EmCS）的突然性和意外性，再加上心理困扰的风险增加，了解女性的心理社会结局尤为重要。这项系统的文献综述的目的是确定，整理和检查围绕EmCS在全球范围内妇女的社会心理结果的证据。方法在2017年11月至2018年3月期间搜索EMBASE，PubMed，Scopus和PsycINFO的电子数据库。为确保文章能反映原始和近期发表的研究，搜索标准包括最近20年内发表的经过同行评审的研究文章（ 1998年至2018年）。如果所有研究设计都纳入了EmCS之后对妇女的社会心理结果的检查，则包括在内。由于研究数据固有的异质性，将与关键社会心理结果有关的定性和定量数据的提取和综合组织为连贯的主题，并尝试进行分析。结果总共鉴定出17,189篇文章。其中，对208篇全文文章进行了资格评估。一百四十九篇文章被进一步排除在外，导致当前系统的文献综述中纳入了六十六篇文章。虽然由于异质性的性质无法进行荟萃分析，但确定的受EmCS负面影响的主要社会心理结果包括创伤后压力，与健康相关的生活质量，经历，婴儿喂养，满意度和自尊心。创伤后压力是最常检查的社会心理结果之一，强烈同意EmCS有助于症状和诊断。结论发现EmCS对妇女的一些社会心理结果产生了负面影响，特别是在创伤后压力方面。尽管对技术和临床实践进行投资以最小化EmCS的数量至关重要，但仍需要进一步研究以制定有效的策略，以准备和支持经历此类分娩的妇女。