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Synapse alterations precede neuronal damage and storage pathology in a human cerebral organoid model of CLN3-juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
Acta Neuropathologica Communications ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-30 , DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0871-7
Gemma Gomez-Giro 1, 2 , Jonathan Arias-Fuenzalida 1 , Javier Jarazo 1 , Dagmar Zeuschner 3 , Muhammad Ali 4, 5 , Nina Possemis 1 , Silvia Bolognin 1 , Rashi Halder 6 , Christian Jäger 7 , Willemijn F E Kuper 8 , Peter M van Hasselt 8 , Holm Zaehres 2, 9 , Antonio Del Sol 4, 10, 11 , Herman van der Putten 12 , Hans R Schöler 2 , Jens C Schwamborn 1
Affiliation  

The juvenile form of neuronal ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is the most common form within this group of rare lysosomal storage disorders, causing pediatric neurodegeneration. The genetic disorder, which is caused by recessive mutations affecting the CLN3 gene, features progressive vision loss, cognitive and motor decline and other psychiatric conditions, seizure episodes, leading to premature death. Animal models have traditionally aid the understanding of the disease mechanisms and pathology and are very relevant for biomarker research and therapeutic testing. Nevertheless, there is a need for establishing reliable and predictive human cellular models to study the disease. Since patient material, particularly from children, is scarce and difficult to obtain, we generated an engineered a CLN3-mutant isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line carrying the c.1054C → T pathologic variant, using state of the art CRISPR/Cas9 technology. To prove the suitability of the isogenic pair to model JNCL, we screened for disease-specific phenotypes in non-neuronal two-dimensional cell culture models as well as in cerebral brain organoids. Our data demonstrates that the sole introduction of the pathogenic variant gives rise to classical hallmarks of JNCL in vitro. Additionally, we discovered an alteration of the splicing caused by this particular mutation. Next, we derived cerebral organoids and used them as a neurodevelopmental model to study the particular effects of the CLN3Q352X mutation during brain formation in the disease context. About half of the mutation -carrying cerebral organoids completely failed to develop normally. The other half, which escaped this severe defect were used for the analysis of more subtle alterations. In these escapers, whole-transcriptome analysis demonstrated early disease signatures, affecting pathways related to development, corticogenesis and synapses. Complementary metabolomics analysis confirmed decreased levels of cerebral tissue metabolites, some particularly relevant for synapse formation and neurotransmission, such as gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). Our data suggests that a mutation in CLN3 severely affects brain development. Furthermore, before disease onset, disease -associated neurodevelopmental changes, particular concerning synapse formation and function, occur.

中文翻译:

在CLN3幼年型神经元类固醇脂褐藻病的人脑类器官模型中,突触改变先于神经元损害和存储病理。

在这种罕见的溶酶体贮积病组中,神经元类脂脂肪增多症(JNCL)的少年形式是最常见的形式,会引起小儿神经变性。遗传性疾病是由影响CLN3基因的隐性突变引起的,具有渐进性视力丧失,认知和运动能力下降以及其他精神疾病,癫痫发作,导致过早死亡的特征。传统上,动物模型有助于理解疾病的机制和病理学,并且与生物标志物的研究和治疗性测试非常相关。尽管如此,仍需要建立可靠且可预测的人类细胞模型来研究该疾病。由于患者的材料(尤其是儿童的材料)稀缺且难以获得,我们使用最先进的CRISPR / Cas9技术生成了工程化的CLN3突变体等基因人类诱导的多能干细胞(hiPSC)品系,带有c.1054C→T病理变异。为了证明等基因对对JNCL模型的适用性,我们在非神经元二维细胞培养模型以及脑部类器官中筛选了疾病特异性表型。我们的数据表明,病原体变异的唯一引入在体外引起了JNCL的经典标志。此外,我们发现了这种特殊突变引起的剪接改变。接下来,我们推导了脑类器官,并将其用作神经发育模型来研究在疾病背景下脑形成过程中CLN3Q352X突变的特殊作用。携带突变的大脑类器官的大约一半完全无法正常发育。逃脱了这一严重缺陷的另一半被用于分析更细微的变化。在这些逃逸者中,全转录组分析显示出疾病的早期特征,影响了与发育,皮质发生和突触有关的途径。补充代谢组学分析证实脑组织代谢物水平降低,其中一些与突触形成和神经传递特别相关,例如γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。我们的数据表明,CLN3的突变严重影响了大脑的发育。此外,在疾病发作之前,发生与疾病相关的神经发育变化,特别是有关突触形成和功能的变化。避免了这种严重缺陷的方法被用于分析更细微的变化。在这些逃逸者中,全转录组分析显示出疾病的早期特征,影响了与发育,皮质发生和突触有关的途径。补充代谢组学分析证实脑组织代谢物水平降低,其中一些与突触形成和神经传递特别相关,例如γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。我们的数据表明,CLN3的突变严重影响了大脑的发育。此外,在疾病发作之前,发生与疾病相关的神经发育变化,特别是有关突触形成和功能的变化。避免了这种严重缺陷的方法被用于分析更细微的变化。在这些逃逸者中,全转录组分析显示出疾病的早期特征,影响了与发育,皮质发生和突触有关的途径。补充代谢组学分析证实脑组织代谢物水平降低,其中一些与突触形成和神经传递特别相关,例如γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。我们的数据表明,CLN3的突变严重影响了大脑的发育。此外,在疾病发作之前,发生与疾病相关的神经发育变化,特别是有关突触形成和功能的变化。影响与发育,皮质发生和突触有关的途径。补充代谢组学分析证实脑组织代谢物水平降低,其中一些与突触形成和神经传递特别相关,例如γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。我们的数据表明,CLN3的突变严重影响了大脑的发育。此外,在疾病发作之前,发生与疾病相关的神经发育变化,特别是有关突触形成和功能的变化。影响与发育,皮质发生和突触有关的途径。补充代谢组学分析证实脑组织代谢物水平降低,其中一些与突触形成和神经传递特别相关,例如γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。我们的数据表明,CLN3的突变严重影响了大脑的发育。此外,在疾病发作之前,发生与疾病相关的神经发育变化,特别是有关突触形成和功能的变化。
更新日期:2019-12-31
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