BACKGROUND Grafting with rootstocks is essential for the culture of many perennial fruit crops and is increasing being used in the production of annual fruits and vegetables. Our previous work based on microarrays showed that transcripts encoding enzymes of both primary and secondary metabolism were differentially expressed during graft union formation in both homo-grafts (a genotype grafted with itself) and hetero-grafts (two different genotypes grafted together). The aim of this study was to profile primary and secondary metabolites, and quantify the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and neutral invertase (NI) in the scion and rootstock tissues and the graft interface of homo and hetero-grafts of grapevine 1 month after grafting. Table-top grafting was done on over-wintering stems (canes) of grapevine and the graft interface tissues (containing some woody stem tissues and callus) were compared to the surrounding rootstock and scion tissues. The objective was to identify compounds involved in graft union formation and hetero-grafting responses. RESULTS A total of 54 compounds from primary and secondary metabolism (19 amino acids, five primary and 30 secondary compounds metabolites) and the activity of two enzymes were measured. The graft interface was associated with an increase in the accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids, basic amino acids, certain stilbene compounds and higher PAL and NI activity in comparison to the surrounding woody stem tissues. Some amino acids and stilbenes were identified as being accumulated differently between the graft interfaces of the scion/rootstock combinations in a manner which was unrelated to their concentrations in the surrounding woody stem tissues. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the modification of primary metabolism to support callus cell formation and the stimulation of stilbene synthesis at the graft interface, and how these processes are modified by hetero-grafting. Knowledge of the metabolites and/or enzymes required for successful graft union formation offer us the potential to identify markers that could be used by nurseries and researchers for selection and breeding purposes.

中文翻译：

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移植物结合形成过程中的代谢物分析揭示了葡萄体内移植物界面上主要代谢的重新编程和二苯乙烯合成的诱导。

背景技术用砧木嫁接对于许多多年生水果作物的栽培是必不可少的，并且越来越多地用于一年生水果和蔬菜的生产中。我们以前基于微阵列的工作表明，在同种异体移植物（一种自身的基因型）和异种异体移植物（两种不同的基因型一起移植）中，编码初级和次级代谢酶的转录本在移植物结合形成过程中差异表达。这项研究的目的是分析初级和次级代谢产物，并量化接穗和砧木组织中的苯丙氨酸氨裂合酶（PAL）和中性转化酶（NI）的活性以及葡萄同种和异种移植物的嫁接界面1个月。嫁接后。在葡萄的越冬茎上进行桌面嫁接，并将嫁接界面组织（包含一些木质茎组织和愈伤组织）与周围的砧木和接穗组织进行比较。目的是鉴定参与移植物结合形成和异质移植反应的化合物。结果测量了来自初级和次级代谢的54种化合物（19个氨基酸，5种初级和30种次级化合物的代谢产物）和两种酶的活性。与周围的木茎组织相比，嫁接界面与支链氨基酸，碱性氨基酸，某些二苯乙烯化合物的积累以及更高的PAL和NI活性有关。某些氨基酸和斯蒂芬苯酯被鉴定为在接穗/砧木组合的移植物界面之间以不同的方式积累，而这种方式与其周围木本茎组织中的浓度无关。结论这项研究揭示了主要代谢的修饰，以支持愈伤组织细胞的形成以及在移植物界面刺激二苯乙烯合成，以及如何通过异种移植修饰这些过程。成功完成嫁接结合所需的代谢物和/或酶的知识为我们提供了鉴定苗圃和研究人员可用于选择和育种目的的标记物的潜力。结论这项研究揭示了主要代谢的修饰，以支持愈伤组织细胞的形成以及在移植物界面刺激二苯乙烯合成，以及如何通过异种移植修饰这些过程。成功完成嫁接结合所需的代谢物和/或酶的知识为我们提供了鉴定苗圃和研究人员可用于选择和育种目的的标记物的潜力。结论这项研究揭示了主要代谢的修饰，以支持愈伤组织细胞的形成以及在移植物界面刺激二苯乙烯合成，以及如何通过异种移植修饰这些过程。成功完成嫁接结合所需的代谢物和/或酶的知识为我们提供了鉴定苗圃和研究人员可用于选择和育种目的的标记物的潜力。