Exposure to air pollution - and particularly to particulate matter (PM) - is strongly associated with higher risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, poor mental health and cognitive defects. In animal models, disruption of CNS development and disturbances of adult neurogenesis contribute to PM neurotoxicity. Recent studies show that gestational PM exposure not only affects embryonic neurodevelopment, but also disturbs postnatal brain growth and maturation, by interfering with neurogenic/gliogenic events, myelination and synaptogenesis. Similarly, adult neurogenesis is affected at many levels, from neural stem cell amplification up to the maturation and integration of novel neurons in the adult brain parenchyma. The underlying mechanisms are still by and large unknown. Beyond microglia activation and neuroinflammation, recent studies propose a role for novel epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and extracellular vesicles-associated microRNAs.

中文翻译：

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了解空气污染对成长中和成年大脑中神经发生和神经胶质发生的影响。

暴露于空气污染中，尤其是暴露于颗粒物（PM）与神经发育障碍，精神健康不良和认知缺陷的较高风险密切相关。在动物模型中，中枢神经系统发育的破坏和成年神经发生的紊乱会导致PM神经毒性。最近的研究表明，妊娠性PM暴露不仅会干扰神经源性/胶质生成事件，髓鞘形成和突触形成，从而影响胚胎神经发育，还会干扰出生后大脑的生长和成熟。同样，从神经干细胞扩增到成人脑实质中新神经元的成熟和整合，成人神经发生也受到许多影响。根本的机制仍然是未知的。除了小胶质细胞激活和神经炎症之外，