Abnormality of inhibitory control is considered to be a potential cognitive marker of tics in Tourette disorder (TD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and impulse control disorders. The results of the studies on inhibitory control in TD showed discrepant results. The aim of the present study was to assess reactive inhibitory control in adult TD patients with and without antipsychotic medication, and under emotional stimulation (visual images with positive, neutral and negative content). We assessed 31 unmedicated and 19 medicated TD patients and 26 matched healthy controls using the stop signal task as an index of reactive motor impulsivity and emotional stimulation with the aim to increase impulsivity. We performed a multimodal neuroimaging analysis using a regions of interest approach on grey matter signal, resting-state spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity analyses. We found a higher reactive motor impulsivity in TD patients medicated with antipsychotics compared to unmedicated TD patients and controls. This propensity for reactive motor impulsivity in medicated TD patients was not influenced by ADHD or emotional stimulation. Neuroimaging results in medicated TD patients suggested that reactive motor impulsivity was underpinned by an increased grey matter signal from the right supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus; decreased resting-state spontaneous activity of the left putamen; higher functional connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior temporal gyri (bilaterally); lower functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the right subthalamic nucleus. Taken together, our data suggested (i) a deficit in reactive motor impulsivity in TD patients medicated with atypical antipsychotics that was unrelated to ADHD and (ii) that motor impulsivity was underpinned by structures and by functional connectivity of the fronto-temporo-basal ganglia-cerebellar pathway.

中文翻译：

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神经性关联和药物在抽动性抽动症中的反应性运动冲动中的作用。

抑制性控制的异常被认为是抽动性抽动症（TD），注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和冲动控制障碍中抽动的潜在认知标志。TD抑制控制的研究结果显示出不同的结果。本研究的目的是评估在有或没有抗精神病药的情况下，在情绪刺激下（具有正，中和负含量的视觉图像）的成年TD患者的反应性抑制控制。我们使用停止信号任务作为反应性运动冲动和情绪刺激的指标，评估了31名未用药的TD患者和19名用药的TD患者以及26名匹配的健康对照者，目的是增加冲动性。我们使用感兴趣区域方法对灰质信号进行了多模态神经影像分析，静止状态的自发性大脑活动和功能连接性分析。我们发现与非药物治疗的TD患者和对照组相比，使用抗精神病药治疗的TD患者具有更高的反应性运动冲动。药物性TD患者的这种反应性冲动性倾向不受ADHD或情绪刺激的影响。药物治疗的TD患者的神经影像学结果表明，来自右侧辅助运动区和额下回的灰质信号增加支持了反应性运动冲动。左壳核的静止状态自发活动减少；下额回与颞上回之间（两侧）的功能连接性更高；小脑和右丘脑底核之间的功能连接性较低。在一起