Semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have size- and shape-dependent optoelectronic properties due to the quantum confinement effect, and are considered to be promising optoelectronic materials. Among them, II–VI (CdSe, CdS, CdTe, etc.) and IV–VI (PbSe, PbTe, PbS, etc.) have been widely studied as representative colloidal NCs. However, the surfactant used in its synthesis progress results in the NCs surface covered by an insulating shell, which greatly affects the exciton separation and carrier transport of colloidal NCs-based photovoltaic devices. Therefore, how to design high-efficiency optoelectronic devices by improving the transport performance of carriers has been a great challenge. The key issues in the research of II–VI (CdSe, CdS, CdTe, etc.) and IV–VI (PbSe, PbTe, PbS, etc.) colloidal NCs were summarized, including synthesis strategy, morphology/size adjustment, surface ligand design, improvement of conductivity and their optoelectronic properties. The influence of surface ligands on the stability and dispersion of NCs was firstly introduced, and then strategies of improving electrical conductivity of NCs were discussed, such as ligands exchange, doping, self-assembly and plasmons, which provided a good foundation for the subsequent preparation of optoelectronic devices. The future development direction of NCs optoelectronic devices is expounded from the aspects of materials composition, comprehensive preparation and flexible processing of colloidal NCs.

半导体胶体纳米晶体（NCs）由于量子限制效应而具有与尺寸和形状有关的光电特性，被认为是有前途的光电材料。其中，II-VI（CdSe，CdS，CdTe等）和IV-VI（PbSe，PbTe，PbS等）已被广泛研究为代表性的胶体NC。然而，在其合成过程中使用的表面活性剂导致NCs表面被绝缘壳覆盖，这极大地影响了基于胶态NCs的光伏器件的激子分离和载流子传输。因此，如何通过提高载流子的传输性能来设计高效光电器件已成为一个巨大的挑战。总结了II-VI（CdSe，CdS，CdTe等）和IV-VI（PbSe，PbTe，PbS等）胶体NC研究的关键问题，包括合成策略，形态/尺寸调整，表面配体设计，电导率及其光电性能的改善。首先介绍了表面配体对NCs稳定性和分散性的影响，然后讨论了提高NCs电导率的策略，如配体交换，掺杂，自组装和等离激元，为后续制备提供了良好的基础。光电设备。从胶体NC的材料组成，全面制备和柔性加工等方面，阐述了NC光电器件的未来发展方向。首先介绍了表面配体对NCs稳定性和分散性的影响，然后讨论了提高NCs电导率的策略，如配体交换，掺杂，自组装和等离激元，为后续制备提供了良好的基础。光电设备。从胶体NC的材料组成，全面制备和柔性加工等方面，阐述了NC光电器件的未来发展方向。首先介绍了表面配体对NCs稳定性和分散性的影响，然后讨论了提高NCs电导率的策略，如配体交换，掺杂，自组装和等离激元，为后续制备提供了良好的基础。光电设备。从胶体NC的材料组成，全面制备和柔性加工等方面，阐述了NC光电器件的未来发展方向。