Schistosomiasis is a prevalent parasitic disease worldwide. The main pathological changes of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis are hepatic granuloma and fibrosis due to worm eggs. Portal hypertension and ascites induced by hepatic fibrosis are usually the main causes of death in patients with chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Currently, no effective vaccine exists for preventing schistosome infections. For quite a long time, praziquantel (PZQ) was widely used for the treatment of schistosomiasis and has shown benefit in treating liver fibrosis. However, drug resistance and chemical toxicity from PZQ are being increasingly reported in recent years; therefore, new and effective strategies for treating schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis are urgently needed. MicroRNA (miRNA), a non-coding RNA, has been proved to be associated with the development of many human diseases, including schistosomiasis. In this review, we present a balanced and comprehensive view of the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, grading, and treatment of schistosomiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis. The multiple regulatory roles of miRNAs, such as promoting or inhibiting the development of liver pathology in murine schistosomiasis are also discussed in depth. Additionally, miRNAs may serve as candidate biomarkers for diagnosing liver pathology of schistosomiasis and as novel therapeutic targets for treating schistosomiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis.

中文翻译：

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microRNA在血吸虫病肝纤维化的发病机制，分级和治疗中的作用。

血吸虫病是全世界流行的寄生虫病。肝脾血吸虫病的主要病理变化是由虫卵引起的肝肉芽肿和纤维化。肝纤维化引起的门脉高压和腹水通常是慢性肝脾性血吸虫病患者的主要死亡原因。当前，不存在用于预防血吸虫感染的有效疫苗。长期以来，吡喹酮（PZQ）被广泛用于血吸虫病的治疗，并显示出对治疗肝纤维化的益处。然而，近年来越来越多地报道了PZQ的耐药性和化学毒性。因此，迫切需要治疗血吸虫病引起的肝纤维化的新的有效策略。MicroRNA（miRNA），一种非编码RNA，已被证明与包括血吸虫病在内的许多人类疾病的发展有关。在这篇综述中，我们对miRNA在血吸虫病相关性肝纤维化的发病机理，分级和治疗中的作用提出了一个平衡而全面的看法。还深入讨论了miRNA的多种调控作用，例如在小鼠血吸虫病中促进或抑制肝脏病理的发展。另外，miRNA可以作为诊断血吸虫病肝脏病理的候选生物标志物，并作为治疗血吸虫病相关性肝纤维化的新型治疗靶标。和血吸虫病相关性肝纤维化的治疗。还深入讨论了miRNA的多种调控作用，例如在鼠血吸虫病中促进或抑制肝脏病理的发展。另外，miRNA可以作为诊断血吸虫病肝脏病理的候选生物标志物，并作为治疗血吸虫病相关性肝纤维化的新型治疗靶标。和血吸虫病相关性肝纤维化的治疗。还深入讨论了miRNA的多种调控作用，例如在小鼠血吸虫病中促进或抑制肝脏病理的发展。另外，miRNA可以作为诊断血吸虫病肝脏病理的候选生物标志物，并作为治疗血吸虫病相关性肝纤维化的新型治疗靶标。