BACKGROUND Consumption of certain foods is associated with long-term weight gains and abdominal fat accumulation in healthy, middle-aged and young, non-obese participants. Whether the same foods might be associated with changes in adiposity in elderly population at high cardiovascular risk is less known. OBJECTIVE Using yearly repeated measurements of both food habits and adiposity parameters, we aimed to investigate how changes in the consumption of specific foods were associated with concurrent changes in weight or waist circumference (WC) in the PREDIMED trial. DESIGN We followed-up 7009 participants aged 55-70 years at high cardiovascular risk for a median time of 4.8 years. A validated 137-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for dietary assessment with yearly repeated measurements. We longitudinally assessed associations between yearly changes in food consumption (serving/d) and concurrent changes in weight (kg) or WC (cm). RESULTS Yearly increments in weight were observed with increased consumption (kg per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) for refined grains (0.32 kg/serving/d), red meat (0.24), potatoes (0.23), alcoholic beverages (0.18), processed meat (0.15), white bread (0.07) and sweets (0.04); whereas inverse associations were detected for increased consumption of low-fat yogurt (- 0.18), and low-fat milk (- 0.06). Annual WC gain (cm per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) occurred with increased consumption of snacks, fast-foods and pre-prepared dishes (0.28), processed meat (0.18), alcoholic beverages (0.13), and sweets (0.08); whereas increased consumption of vegetables (- 0.23), and nuts (- 0.17), were associated with reductions in WC. CONCLUSIONS In this assessment conducted in high-risk subjects using yearly repeated measurements of food habits and adiposity, some ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates (including white bread), potatoes, red meats and alcohol were associated with higher weight and WC gain, whereas increases in consumption of low-fat dairy products and plant foods were associated with less gain in weight and WC. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at controlled-trials.com with International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005.

中文翻译：

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心血管风险高的受试者中饮食变化与体重和腰围的变化之间的纵向关系：PREDEDED试验。

背景技术某些食物的消费与健康，中年和年轻的非肥胖参与者的长期体重增加和腹部脂肪堆积有关。心血管疾病高危人群中，相同的食​​物是否可能与肥胖症的改变有关，这一点还鲜为人知。目的在PREDIMED试验中，通过对饮食习惯和肥胖参数的年度重复测量，我们旨在调查特定食物的摄入量变化如何与体重或腰围（WC）的同时变化相关联。设计我们对年龄在55-70岁之间的7009名心血管疾病高风险参与者进行了随访，中位时间为4.8年。经过验证的137项半定量食物频率调查表用于饮食评估，并每年重复测量。我们纵向评估了食物消费量（服务/天）的年度变化与体重（kg）或WC（cm）的同时变化之间的关联。结果观察到，随着精制谷物（0.32千克/份/天），红肉（0.24），土豆（0.23），酒精饮料（0.18）的消耗量（每增加1份/天，每增加1千克，每增加1千克，公斤增加），体重逐年增加。 ，加工肉类（0.15），白面包（0.07）和糖果（0.04）；而低脂酸奶（-0.18）和低脂牛奶（-0.06）的摄入量呈负相关。WC的年度增加量（每增加1份/天，每增加1厘米，增加1厘米）是由于零食，快餐和预制菜肴（0.28），加工肉类（0.18），酒精饮料（0.13）和糖果（0.08）的消耗）; 而蔬菜（-0.23）和坚果（-0.17）的消耗量增加，与减少WC有关。结论在对高风险受试者进行的评估中，使用了每年重复测量其饮食习惯和肥胖的方法，一些超加工食品，精制碳水化合物（包括白面包），土豆，红肉和酒精与体重增加和体重增加有关，而低脂乳制品和植物性食品消费量的增加与体重和WC增幅降低有关。试验注册本研究已在control-trials.com上以国际标准随机对照试验编号（ISRCTN）：35739639进行了注册。注册日期：2005年10月5日。精制碳水化合物（包括白面包），土豆，红肉和酒精与体重增加和WC增加有关，而低脂乳制品和植物性食品的消费增加与体重和WC减少有关。试验注册本研究已在control-trials.com上以国际标准随机对照试验编号（ISRCTN）：35739639进行了注册。注册日期：2005年10月5日。精制碳水化合物（包括白面包），土豆，红肉和酒精与体重增加和WC增加有关，而低脂乳制品和植物性食品的消费增加与体重和WC减少有关。试验注册本研究已在control-trials.com上以国际标准随机对照试验编号（ISRCTN）：35739639进行了注册。注册日期：2005年10月5日。