BACKGROUND Posttranslational modification of proteins by small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) proteins play an important role during the developmental process and in response to abiotic stresses in plants. However, little is known about SUMOylation in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), one of the world's major food legume crops. In this study, we characterized the SUMOylation system from the diploid progenitor genomes of peanut, Arachis duranensis (AA) and Arachis ipaensis (BB). RESULTS Genome-wide analysis revealed the presence of 40 SUMO system genes in A. duranensis and A. ipaensis. Our results showed that peanut also encodes a novel class II isotype of the SCE1, which was previously reported to be uniquely present in cereals. RNA-seq data showed that the core components of the SUMOylation cascade SUMO1/2 and SCE1 genes exhibited pod-specific expression patterns, implying coordinated regulation during pod development. Furthermore, both transcripts and conjugate profiles revealed that SUMOylation has significant roles during the pod development. Moreover, dynamic changes in the SUMO conjugates were observed in response to abiotic stresses. CONCLUSIONS The identification and organization of peanut SUMO system revealed SUMOylation has important roles during stress defense and pod development. The present study will serve as a resource for providing new strategies to enhance agronomic yield and reveal the mechanism of peanut pod development.

中文翻译：

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定义SUMO系统在花生豆荚发育和非生物胁迫中的功能。

背景技术小泛素样修饰物（SUMO）蛋白对蛋白质进行的翻译后修饰在植物的发育过程中以及对非生物胁迫的响应中起着重要的作用。然而，关于花生（花生）的SUMOylation知之甚少，花生是世界上主要的豆类农作物之一。在这项研究中，我们从花生，花生和花生（BB）的二倍体祖细胞基因组中表征了SUMOylation系统。结果全基因组分析表明，在杜兰曲霉和伊帕曲霉中存在40个SUMO系统基因。我们的结果表明，花生还编码SCE1的新型II类同种型，以前报道它在谷物中独特存在。RNA-seq数据显示SUMOylation级联SUMO1 / 2和SCE1基因的核心成分表现出豆荚特异的表达模式，这暗示着豆荚发育过程中的协调调控。此外，转录本和结合物图谱均表明SUMOylation在豆荚发育过程中具有重要作用。此外，响应非生物胁迫观察到SUMO缀合物的动态变化。结论花生SUMO系统的鉴定和组织表明SUMOylation在胁迫防御和荚果发育中具有重要作用。本研究将作为提供资源以提高农艺产量并揭示花生荚发育机理的资源。转录本和结合物图谱均表明SUMOylation在豆荚发育过程中具有重要作用。此外，响应非生物胁迫观察到SUMO缀合物的动态变化。结论花生SUMO系统的鉴定和组织表明SUMOylation在胁迫防御和荚果发育中具有重要作用。本研究将作为提供资源以提高农艺产量并揭示花生荚发育机理的资源。转录本和结合物图谱均表明SUMOylation在豆荚发育过程中具有重要作用。此外，响应非生物胁迫观察到SUMO缀合物的动态变化。结论花生SUMO系统的鉴定和组织表明SUMOylation在胁迫防御和荚果发育中具有重要作用。本研究将作为提供资源以提高农艺产量并揭示花生荚发育机理的资源。