The aim of this work was to extract, isolate, and purify polysaccharides from the heads of Hypomesus olidus and to evaluate their anticoagulant activities and anticoagulant mechanisms. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions for ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from the heads of Hypomesus olidus. The optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic power of 275 W, ultrasonic time of 50 min, and solid–liquid ratio of 5 ml/g, giving the yield of crude polysaccharides (GYT) of 7.73 ± 0.042%. Three polysaccharide fractions, GYT‐1, GYT‐2, and GYT‐3 were purified from GYT by using DEAE‐cellulose‐52 column and Sephadex G‐100 column for anticoagulant activities. The results showed that two doses (2 and 4 mg/ml) of GYT‐1 and GYT‐3 could significantly prolong (p < .01) in partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (2.19 and 2.37 times, 2.22 and 2.44 times, respectively) and thrombin time (TT) (2.39 and 2.46 times, 2.44 and 2.80 times, respectively) compared with normal control. In particular, GYT‐3 had stronger anticoagulant activity than GYT‐1, and it was composed of arabinose, fructose, glucose, and lactose with molar ratios of 0.595:1: 2.026:0.273. However, GYT‐2 had no anticoagulant activity (p > .05). In addition, anticoagulation mechanism of polysaccharides from the heads of Hypomesus olidus (GYT‐3) was evaluated. The results showed that the anticoagulant activity of GYT‐3 was based on their binding with antithrombin AT‐III. And the inhibitory effects of GYT‐3 on factor IIa and Xa were related to the concentration of AT‐III in plasma. This study may provide a new and promising anticoagulant drug.

中文翻译：

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短叶Hypomesus olidus头多糖的提取，纯化，表征，抗凝活性及其抗凝机理。

这项工作的目的是提取，分离和纯化从Hypomesus olidus头的多糖，并评估其抗凝活性和抗凝机制。响应面法被用于优化提取条件，以超声波辅助从小叶垂花的头中提取多糖。最佳提取条件包括275 W的超声波功率，50 min的超声波时间和5 ml / g的固液比，得出的粗多糖（GYT）产率为7.73±0.042％。使用DEAE-纤维素52柱和Sephadex G-100色谱柱从GYT中纯化了三个多糖级分GYT-1，GYT-2和GYT-3，以实现抗凝活性。结果表明，两种剂量（2和4 mg / ml）的GYT-1和GYT-3可以显着延长（p 与正常对照组相比，部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）（分别为2.19和2.37倍，2.22和2.44倍）和凝血酶时间（TT）（分别为2.39和2.46倍，2.44和2.80倍）<<0.01。特别是，GYT-3具有比GYT-1更强的抗凝活性，它由阿拉伯糖，果糖，葡萄糖和乳糖组成，摩尔比为0.595：1：2.026：0.273。但是，GYT-2没有抗凝活性（p  > .05）。此外，小叶下丘脑多糖的抗凝作用机理（GYT-3）进行了评估。结果表明，GYT-3的抗凝活性是基于它们与抗凝血酶AT-III的结合。GYT-3对因子IIa和Xa的抑制作用与血浆中AT-3的浓度有关。这项研究可能会提供一种新的和有希望的抗凝药物。