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A simple and sustainable portable triaxial energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method for in situ multielemental analysis of mining water samples
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2019.105762
Sofia Pessanha , Eva Marguí , Maria Luisa Carvalho , Ignasi Queralt

Abstract In-situ monitoring of potentially toxic elements in mining water samples is of special relevance in order to evaluate the environmental impact of abandoned mining activities. However, it is difficult to develop suitable analytical methods for this purpose considering the complexity of mining water samples matrix as well as the limited sensibility of conventional filed portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry systems (pXRF). In the present contribution, a simple, sustainable and reliable triaxial pXRF method (3pXRF) is proposed for multielemental analysis of mining water samples. In this method, several microliters of sample are deposited onto a commercial filter paper retainer and after drying, the loaded filter is directly analyzed in the field using a laboratory pXRF with orthogonal triaxial geometry (p3XRF). This geometry reduces the background of the measured spectra improving peak-background ratios in comparison with conventional pXRF systems. Using the best analytical conditions (sample deposition volume of 200 μL and 600 s as measurement time), limits of detections were in the low mg∙L−1 range and therefore suitable considering the expected high metal concentration in mining water samples. Acceptable accuracy and precision of the results was obtained in comparison with laboratory techniques such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry but with the possibility of in-situ measurements in the field. The developed method was applied to the analysis of different types of mine water samples (stream waters, drainage water tanks and mining lake waters) collected in the mining districts of Tinoca (Portugal) and Cartagena-La Union (Spain).

中文翻译:

一种简单且可持续的便携式三轴能量色散 X 射线荧光法用于矿井水样品的原位多元素分析

摘要 采矿水样中潜在有毒元素的原位监测对于评估废弃采矿活动对环境的影响具有特殊意义。然而,考虑到采矿水样品基质的复杂性以及传统现场便携式 X 射线荧光光谱系统 (pXRF) 的敏感性有限,很难为此目的开发合适的分析方法。在目前的贡献中,提出了一种简单、可持续和可靠的三轴 pXRF 方法 (3pXRF),用于采矿水样品的多元素分析。在此方法中,将几微升样品沉积在商用滤纸固定器上,干燥后,使用具有正交三轴几何结构 (p3XRF) 的实验室 pXRF 在现场直接分析加载的过滤器。与传统的 pXRF 系统相比,这种几何结构减少了测量光谱的背景,提高了峰值背景比。使用最佳分析条件(样品沉积体积为 200 μL 和 600 s 作为测量时间),检测限在低 mg∙L-1 范围内,因此考虑到采矿水样品中预期的高金属浓度是合适的。与实验室技术(如电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和全反射 X 射线荧光光谱法)相比,获得了可接受的结果准确度和精确度,但可以在现场进行原位测量。将开发的方法应用于不同类型矿井水样(溪流水、
更新日期:2020-02-01
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