BACKGROUND Trueperella pyogenes is one of the most clinically imperative bacteria responsible for severe cases of mastitis and metritis, particularly in postpartum dairy cows. The bacterium has emergence of antibiotic resistance and virulence characters. The existing research was done to apprise the phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance and characterization of virulence factors in the T. pyogenes bacteria of bovine mastitis and metritis in postpartum cows. METHODS Two-hundred and twenty-six bovine mastitic milk and 172 uterine swabs were collected and transferred to laboratory. Samples were cultured and T. pyogenes isolates were subjected to disk diffusion and DNA extraction. Distribution of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes was studied by PCR. RESULTS Thirty-two out of 226 (14.15%) mastitic milk and forty-one out of 172 (23.83%) uterine swab samples were positive for T. pyogenes. Isolates of mastitic milk harbored the highest prevalence of resistance toward gentamicin (100%), penicillin (100%), ampicillin (90.62%), amoxicillin (87.50%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.50%), while those of metritis harbored the highest prevalence of resistance toward ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), gentamicin (97.56%), penicillin (97.56%) and cefalexin (97.56%). AacC, aadA1, aadA2 and tetW were the most generally perceived antibiotic resistance genes. All bacteria harbored plo (100%) and fimA (100%) virulence factors. NanP, nanH, fimC and fimE were also the most generally perceived virulence factors. CONCLUSIONS All bacteria harbored plo and fimA virulence factors which showed that they can use as specific genetic markers with their important roles in pathogenicity of T. pyogenes bacteria. Phenotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was confirmed by genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance genes.

中文翻译：

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从牛乳腺炎和子宫炎分离出的化脓性Trueperella pyogenes菌株的抗菌素耐药性的表型和分子表征。

背景技术化脓性Trueperella pyogenes是引起乳腺炎和子宫炎的严重病例，特别是在产后奶牛中的最临床上必不可少的细菌之一。该细菌具有抗生素抗性和毒力特征。进行了现有的研究，以鉴定产后母牛的牛乳腺炎和子宫炎的化脓性支原体细菌的抗生素耐药性的表型和基因型评价，以及致病因子的表征。方法收集262头牛乳汁和172根子宫拭子并转移到实验室。培养样品，并将化脓性链球菌分离物进行圆盘扩散和DNA提取。通过PCR研究毒力和抗生素抗性基因的分布。结果226分之32（14。15％的乳香牛奶和172个（23.83％）子宫拭子样本中有41个为化脓性链球菌阳性。乳脂分离株对庆大霉素（100％），青霉素（100％），氨苄青霉素（90.62％），阿莫西林（87.50％）和甲氧苄氨嘧啶-磺胺甲恶唑的耐药率最高（87.50％）对氨苄西林（100％），阿莫西林（100％），庆大霉素（97.56％），青霉素（97.56％）和头孢氨苄（97.56％）的耐药率。AacC，aadA1，aadA2和tetW是最常见的抗生素抗性基因。所有细菌都具有plo（100％）和fimA（100％）毒力因子。NanP，nanH，fimC和fimE也是最普遍感知的毒力因子。结论所有细菌均具有plo和fimA毒力因子，表明它们可以用作特定的遗传标记，在化脓性链球菌的致病性中具有重要作用。通过抗生素抗性基因的基因型鉴定，证实了抗生素抗性的表型模式。