Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2019.e00079 M. Isabel Cadena-Aizaga , Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda , María Esther Torres-Padrón , Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera , José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
Ultraviolet filters (UV Filters) are compounds that are widely employed in personal care products such as sunscreens to protect the skin from sun damage, but they are also added to other products, such as food packaging, plastics, paints, textiles, detergents, etc. The continuous use of these products causes the release of a substantial amount of these products into the marine environment through direct input or wastewater discharge, and thus they are becoming an important class of contaminants of emerging concern. A correlation between their occurrence and different negative effects on marine biota has been reported.
Taking into account all the possible impacts on the environment, knowledge of their presence and distribution in the different compartments of the ecosystems, ranging from waters and sediments to aquatic organisms, which potentially suffer from bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes, is essential. High concentrations of ultraviolet filters have been found in samples collected from across the entire planet, even in polar regions, revealing their global distribution.
Therefore, interest in the sensitive determination of ultraviolet filters in several marine matrices has increased. In this article, an overall review of the more recently reported analytical chemistry methods for identifying and quantifying these compounds in marine environmental samples is presented. We compare and discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of every step involved in the analytical procedure, including the pre-treatment, treatment and extraction processes that are required to avoid matrix effects. Moreover, we describe the worldwide occurrence and distribution of those most important UV filters.
中文翻译:
海洋环境中的有机紫外线过滤器:分析方法,发生和分布的更新
紫外线滤光片(UV滤光片)是广泛用于个人护理产品(例如防晒霜)中的化合物,可保护皮肤免受阳光伤害,但是它们也被添加到其他产品中,例如食品包装,塑料,油漆,纺织品,洗涤剂等。这些产品的连续使用导致通过直接输入或废水排放将大量的这些产品释放到海洋环境中,因此它们正成为人们日益关注的重要污染物类别。已经报道了它们的发生与对海洋生物群的不同负面影响之间的相关性。
考虑到对环境的所有可能影响,了解它们在生态系统不同隔室中的存在和分布(从水和沉积物到水生生物,可能会遭受生物蓄积和生物放大过程的影响)至关重要。从整个星球,甚至在极地地区收集的样本中,都发现了高浓度的紫外线滤光片,揭示了它们的全球分布。
因此,人们对灵敏地确定几种海洋基质中的紫外线滤光片的兴趣增加了。在本文中,将对最近报道的用于鉴定和定量海洋环境样品中这些化合物的分析化学方法进行全面综述。我们比较并讨论了分析过程中每个步骤的潜在优缺点,包括避免基质效应所需的预处理,处理和提取过程。此外,我们描述了那些最重要的紫外线过滤器在世界范围内的发生和分布。