In recent years, rapid progress in the field of single-entity electrochemistry (SEE) has opened a novel exploratory area in the field of analytical and electrochemistry. SEE is a method of studying the behavior of particles at the single particle level, which yields important information on the diffusion coefficient, individual particle size, size distribution, catalytic activity, collision frequency, and internal substances of the particles. Various types of particles have been studied through SEE. Among them, this review focuses on the results of analyzing soft particles (cells, proteins, viruses, liposomes, enzymes, vesicles, emulsion droplets, micelles, carbonaceous nanomaterials, and others). We introduce the various electrochemical techniques used in SEE and discuss important concepts and equations that must be known to apply SEE. We also introduce the results of recent research on several important soft particles. Finally, the potential applications in areas such as sensors, materials, catalysts, energy, and biomedicine, as well as the trends of related works are described. In the future, research on soft particle analysis using SEE is expected to increase rapidly, and this review is expected to be a valuable reference for researchers in the field.

中文翻译：

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用于软纳米颗粒检测的单实体电化学的当前研究：检测方法和应用简介。

近年来，单实体电化学（SEE）领域的快速发展为分析和电化学领域开辟了一个新的探索领域。SEE是研究单个粒子水平上粒子行为的方法，它可得出有关扩散系数，单个粒子尺寸，尺寸分布，催化活性，碰撞频率和粒子内部物质的重要信息。通过SEE已经研究了各种类型的颗粒。其中，本文的重点是分析软颗粒（细胞，蛋白质，病毒，脂质体，酶，囊泡，乳滴，胶束，碳纳米材料等）的分析结果。我们介绍了SEE中使用的各种电化学技术，并讨论了应用SEE必须知道的重要概念和方程式。我们还介绍了对几种重要的软颗粒的最新研究成果。最后，描述了在传感器，材料，催化剂，能源和生物医学等领域的潜在应用，以及相关工作的趋势。将来，使用SEE进行软颗粒分析的研究有望迅速增加，并且该综述有望为该领域的研究人员提供有价值的参考。