Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders that are caused by genetic and/or environmental impacts, often probably by the interaction of both. They are characterised by deficits in social communication and interaction and by restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests from early childhood on, causing significant impairment. While it is clear that no animal model captures the full complexity of ASD in humans, genetic models are extremely useful for studying specific symptoms associated with ASD and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review we summarize the behavioral paradigms used in rodents to model ASD symptoms as they are listed in the DSM-5. We then review existing genetic rodent models with disruptions in ASD candidate genes, and we map their phenotypes onto these behavioural paradigms. The goal of this review is to give a comprehensive overview on how ASD symptoms can be studied in animal models and to give guidance for which animal models are appropriate to study specific symptom clusters.

中文翻译：

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我们可以从有关自闭症的遗传啮齿动物模型中学到什么。

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是复杂的神经发育障碍，由遗传和/或环境影响（通常可能是两者的相互作用）引起的。他们的特点是社交沟通和互动不足，以及从幼儿期就受到限制和重复的行为和兴趣，从而造成严重损害。显然，没有动物模型能够捕获人类中ASD的全部复杂性，而遗传模型对于研究与ASD相关的特定症状以及潜在的细胞和分子机制非常有用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在啮齿动物中用来模拟ASD症状的行为范例，如DSM-5中所列。然后，我们回顾一下现有的遗传啮齿动物模型，其中包括ASD候选基因的破坏，我们将它们的表型映射到这些行为范式上。这篇综述的目的是全面概述如何在动物模型中研究ASD症状，并为哪种动物模型适合研究特定症状群提供指导。