Abstract Cloud transients cause rapid fluctuations in the output of photovoltaic (PV) systems, which can significantly affect the voltage levels in a low-voltage (LV) grid with high penetration of PV systems. These voltage fluctuations may lead to violation of the existing power quality standards. This study estimates the impact of rapid PV output fluctuations on the power quality in an existing LV grid by performing load flow analyses for scenarios in the years 2017, 2030 and 2050 using PV data with 20-second resolution. In this study, we propose a system for the mitigation of PV output fluctuations by altering the charging processes of electric vehicles (EVs) and we assess the effectiveness of the proposed system. Results indicate that PV output fluctuations have minor impact on the voltage levels in the year 2030, but PV output fluctuations induce considerable voltage fluctuations in the year 2050. The magnitude of the voltage fluctuations is dependent on the location in the grid, the installed PV capacity and the grid configuration. These voltage fluctuations can induce visible and annoying light flicker for a significant part of the day in the year 2050. Implementing the proposed system shows that EV technology can contribute in reducing the amount of visible and annoying light flicker considerably, however at the expense of increased charging costs for EV owners.

中文翻译：

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光伏快速波动对低压电网电能质量的影响及使用电动汽车的缓解策略

摘要 云瞬变导致光伏 (PV) 系统输出的快速波动，这会显着影响光伏系统高渗透率的低压 (LV) 电网中的电压水平。这些电压波动可能会导致违反现有的电能质量标准。本研究通过使用分辨率为 20 秒的光伏数据对 2017、2030 和 2050 年的情景进行潮流分析，估计了光伏输出的快速波动对现有低压电网电能质量的影响。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种通过改变电动汽车 (EV) 的充电过程来减轻光伏输出波动的系统，并评估了所提出系统的有效性。结果表明，光伏出力波动对2030年电压水平影响较小，但光伏输出波动会在 2050 年引起相当大的电压波动。电压波动的幅度取决于电网中的位置、光伏装机容量和电网配置。这些电压波动会在 2050 年一天的大部分时间里引起可见和恼人的光闪烁。 实施所提议的系统表明，EV 技术有助于显着减少可见和恼人的光闪烁量，但代价是增加了电动汽车车主的充电成本。