Abstract This paper proposes a novel energy management system (EMS) for an isolated structure of networked microgrids (NMGs). The interconnected microgrids consist of the cyber-physical connections for information and power exchanges. A bi-level EMS is presented in which the outer-level EMS is aimed to exchange the required information and power between the interconnected microgrids, and the inner-level EMS is intended for energy scheduling of each on-fault microgrid in case of separation from other microgrids. This paper focuses on the operation of interconnected microgrids. A step-wise demand response program (DRP) is also considered in the energy management to attain the cost-effective operation. Furthermore, a new pricing model based on microgrid marginal pricing (MGMP) is introduced for the power exchanges between the interconnected microgrids. To cope with the uncertainties of the renewable energy sources and loads, some scenarios are generated using the scenario-based analysis. Also, a backward scenario reduction method is used to reduce the number of the scenarios. Besides, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is applied to the stochastic optimization problem of the NMGs. The proposed model is implemented on a test system with five NMGs. The simulation is run over a 24-hour scheduling time horizon. Both cases without and with demand response program (DRP) are compared in the numerical results. The results of the simulation demonstrate that using the proposed DRP in the energy management increases the performance of the generation units and decreases the total operational cost of the proposed NMGs. Also, the voltages of the buses converge to their rated values.

中文翻译：

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一种考虑不确定性和需求响应的新型基于隔离可再生能源的多微电网优化能源管理系统

摘要 本文提出了一种用于网络化微电网 (NMG) 隔离结构的新型能源管理系统 (EMS)。互连的微电网由用于信息和电力交换的网络物理连接组成。提出了一种双层 EMS，其中外层 EMS 的目的是在互连的微电网之间交换所需的信息和电力，而内层 EMS 的目的是在相互分离的情况下对每个发生故障的微电网进行能源调度。其他微电网。本文重点介绍互连微电网的运行。在能源管理中还考虑了逐步需求响应程序 (DRP)，以实现成本效益的运行。此外，为互联微电网之间的电力交换引入了一种基于微电网边际定价（MGMP）的新定价模型。为了应对可再生能源和负荷的不确定性，使用基于场景的分析生成了一些场景。此外，使用后向场景减少方法来减少场景的数量。此外，混合整数线性规划 (MILP) 被应用于 NMG 的随机优化问题。所提出的模型是在具有五个 NMG 的测试系统上实现的。模拟在 24 小时调度时间范围内运行。在数值结果中比较了没有和有需求响应程序 (DRP) 的情况。模拟结果表明，在能源管理中使用建议的 DRP 提高了发电机组的性能并降低了建议的 NMG 的总运营成本。此外，总线的电压会收敛到它们的额定值。