Current biotechnological developments are driving a significant shift towards integrating proteomic analysis with landmark genomic, methylomic, and transcriptomic data to elucidate functional effects. For the majority of proteins, structure and function are closely intertwined. Post-translational protein modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) leading to aberrantly active structures can originate a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer. Analysis of protein structure variants is thus integral to the identification of clinically actionable targets and the design of novel disease diagnosis and therapy approaches. However, it is still challenging to interrogate subtle structural changes of proteins in a rapid and cost-effective manner with current tools. This review primarily compiles the latest biosensing techniques for protein structural analysis.

中文翻译：

---

用于监测病理性蛋白质结构变化的磷蛋白生物传感器。

当前的生物技术发展正在推动将蛋白质组学分析与具有里程碑意义的基因组、甲基组和转录组数据相结合以阐明功能影响的重大转变。对于大多数蛋白质来说，结构和功能是紧密相连的。导致异常活性结构的翻译后蛋白质修饰（例如磷酸化）可引发多种病理状况，包括癌症。因此，蛋白质结构变体的分析对于临床可操作目标的识别以及新疾病诊断和治疗方法的设计是不可或缺的。然而，使用当前工具以快速且具有成本效益的方式询问蛋白质的细微结构变化仍然具有挑战性。