Pools are prone to contamination from microbial pathogens from human external microbiota, including mainly Staphylococcus species. These bacteria originate mainly from the skin and rhinopharynx and tend to concentrate at the surface/subsurface. Being protected by films derived from mucus and sebum, they are markedly resistant to biocides. Our study aimed to evaluate the respective impact of mixed and reverse hydraulicity techniques on the concentration of Staphylococcus species at the subsurface following bathing by four individuals in an experimental pool. Disinfection, filtration and water renewal of the pool were stopped in order to study only the influence of the water recirculation regime. We found a significant reduction of 31.7% (Test 1), 50.9% (Test 2) and 41.9% (Test 3) in total Staphylococcus species counts at the subsurface when using reverse versus mixed hydraulicity. However, this reduction is not a pollution cut but a pollution shift, resulting from an increase in the outlet water flow rate by overflow channel from 49.3 to 100%. This experimental model was far removed from real life conditions and associated with a series of limitations. However, it seems that the type of water recirculation regime is a critical factor in the bacterial quality of pool water. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in additional studies using more realistic conditions.

中文翻译：

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水疗池水循环方式对地下葡萄球菌浓度的影响：来自飞行员的初步实验数据。

游泳池容易受到来自人类外部微生物群（主要包括葡萄球菌）的微生物病原体的污染。这些细菌主要来自皮肤和鼻咽，并倾向于集中在表面/亚表面。受源自粘液和皮脂的薄膜的保护，它们对杀菌剂具有明显的抵抗力。我们的研究旨在评估混合水力和反向水力技术对实验池中四个人沐浴后地下葡萄球菌浓度的影响。停止对水池的消毒，过滤和换水，以仅研究水循环方式的影响。我们发现显着降低了31.7％（测试1），50.9％（测试2）和41。当使用反向水力和混合水力时，地下葡萄球菌总数占总数的9％（测试3）。但是，这种减少不是污染削减，而是污染转移，这是由于溢流通道的出水流速从49.3％增加到100％所致。该实验模型与现实生活条件相去甚远，并存在一系列局限性。但是，似乎水的循环方式是泳池水细菌质量的关键因素。这些初步发现需要在使用更现实条件的其他研究中得到证实。该实验模型与现实生活条件相去甚远，并存在一系列局限性。但是，似乎水的再循环方式是泳池水细菌质量的关键因素。这些初步发现需要在使用更现实条件的其他研究中得到证实。该实验模型与现实生活条件相去甚远，并存在一系列局限性。但是，似乎水的再循环方式是泳池水细菌质量的关键因素。这些初步发现需要在使用更现实条件的其他研究中得到证实。