Avoidance of novelty, termed neophobia, protects animals from potential dangers but can also impair their adaptation to novel environments or food resources. This behaviour is particularly well described in birds but the neurobiological correlates remain unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal activity in the amygdala and the striatum, two brain regions believed to be involved in novelty detection, by labelling the early gene c-fos following chicks exposure to a novel food (NF), a novel object (NO) or a familiar food (FF). NF and NO chicks showed significantly longer latencies to touch the food, less time eating and emitted more fear-vocalizations than control chicks. Latency to touch the food was also longer for NO than for NF chicks. Significantly higher densities of c-fos positive cells were present in all the nuclei of the arcopallium/amygdala of NF and NO chicks compared to FF chicks. Also, NO chicks showed higher positive cell densities than NF chicks in the posterior amygdaloid, the intermediate and the medial arcopallium. Exposure to novel food or object induced a similar increase in c-fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and the medial striatum. Our data provide evidence activation of the arcopallium/amygdala is specific of the type of novelty. The activation of striatum may be more related to novelty seeking.

中文翻译：

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对象和食物的新颖性诱导了家养雄性雏鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus）杏仁核和纹状体中c-fos免疫反应的不同模式。

避免被称为新恐惧症的新颖性可以保护动物免受潜在危险的侵害，但也会损害动物对新环境或食物资源的适应性。这种行为在鸟类中得到了很好的描述，但是神经生物学相关性尚未得到探究。在这里，我们通过标记雏鸡接触新型食物（NF），新型对象（NO）或后天的早期基因c-fos，来测量杏仁核和纹状体中的神经元活性，杏仁核和纹状体是两个参与新颖性检测的大脑区域。熟悉的食物（FF）。NF和NO小鸡与对照组相比，接触食物的潜伏期明显更长，进食时间更少，发出的恐惧声更高。NO接触食物的时间也比NF小鸡更长。与FF鸡相比，NF和NO鸡的arcopallium /杏仁核的所有核中均存在更高密度的c-fos阳性细胞。同样，在杏仁后节，中间和内侧足op中，NO小鸡比NF小鸡显示出更高的阳性细胞密度。暴露于新型食物或物体会引起伏伏核和纹状体内侧c-fos表达的类似增加。我们的数据提供了证据，arcopallium / amygdala的激活特定于新颖性类型。纹状体的激活可能与寻求新颖性有关。暴露于新型食物或物体会引起伏伏核和纹状体内侧c-fos表达的类似增加。我们的数据提供了证据，arcopallium / amygdala的激活特定于新颖性类型。纹状体的激活可能与寻求新颖性有关。接触新型食物或物体会引起伏伏核和纹状体内侧c-fos表达的类似增加。我们的数据提供了证据，arcopallium / amygdala的激活特定于新颖性类型。纹状体的激活可能与寻求新颖性有关。