A series of molecular precursors, containing one (1 and 3) or three pyrene (2 and 4) anchors, covalently linked to porphyrins (free base or Zn), were prepared and characterized. All of them enable their π-π stacking onto low-dimensional nanocarbons including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and nanographene (NG), their individualization, and their characterization. Microscopic (TEM, AFM) and spectroscopic (steady state UV-Vis and fluorescence, spectroelectrochemistry, and transient absorption measurements) techniques were at the forefront of the characterizations and were complemented by Raman spectroscopy. Of great importance are the Raman analyses, which corroborated n-doping of the nanocarbons due to the interactions with 1-4 when probed in the solid state. In solution, the situation is, however, quite different. Efficient charge separation was only observed for the graphene based system NG/3.

中文翻译：

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单和三足卟啉——研究碳纳米管和石墨烯杂化物中芘锚数量的影响

制备并表征了一系列分子前体，包含一个（1 和 3）或三个芘（2 和 4）锚，共价连接到卟啉（游离碱或 Zn）。所有这些都使它们的 π-π 堆积在低维纳米碳上，包括单壁碳纳米管 (SWCNT) 和纳米石墨烯 (NG)，它们的个性化和表征。显微（TEM、AFM）和光谱（稳态 UV-Vis 和荧光、光谱电化学和瞬态吸收测量）技术处于表征的前沿，并辅以拉曼光谱。拉曼分析非常重要，由于在固态探测时与 1-4 的相互作用，拉曼分析证实了纳米碳的 n 掺杂。然而，在解决方案中，情况完全不同。