Solid tumors, especially desmoplastic tumors, are characterized by a dense fibrotic stroma composed of abundant cancer-associated fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix. These physical barriers seriously compromise drug delivery to tumor cells, leading to suboptimal treatment efficacy and resistance to current tumor-centric therapeutics. The need to overcome these problems has driven extensive investigations and sparked the flourish of anti-stromal therapy, particularly in the field of nanomedicines. In this paper, we firstly review the major components of the tumor stroma and discuss their impact on drug delivery. Then, according to the different stromal targets, we summarize the current status of anti-stromal therapy and highlight recent advances in anti-stromal nanomedicines. We further examine the potential of nano-enabled anti-stromal therapy to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of other therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy and radiotherapy. Finally, the potential concerns and future developments of anti-stromal nanomedicines are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

新兴的纳米药物用于抗增生性肿瘤的抗基质疗法。

实体瘤，尤其是增生性肿瘤，其特征是致密的纤维化基质，由大量与癌症相关的成纤维细胞和过多的细胞外基质组成。这些物理障碍严重损害了药物向肿瘤细胞的递送，导致次优的治疗效果和对目前以肿瘤为中心的治疗方法的耐药性。克服这些问题的需要推动了广泛的研究，并引发了抗基质疗法的蓬勃发展，特别是在纳米药物领域。在本文中，我们首先回顾了肿瘤基质的主要成分，并讨论了它们对药物递送的影响。然后，根据不同的基质靶标，我们总结了抗基质治疗的现状，并重点介绍了抗基质纳米药物的最新进展。我们进一步检查了纳米级抗基质疗法增强其他治疗方式（包括化学疗法，免疫疗法，光疗和放射疗法）的抗肿瘤功效的潜力。最后，讨论了抗基质纳米药物的潜在问题和未来的发展。