Abstract In this study, the experimental investigation on the effects of temperature and concentrations of nanoparticles on the dynamic viscosity of water-based Al2O3-CuO-TiO2 ternary hybrid nanofluid has been presented. The experiments were performed in the solid vol. fraction range of 0.01–0.1%, and temperature range of 35°C to 50 °C. Furthermore, the SEM image, together with an EDX analysis of 0.05% vol. fraction ternary hybrid nanofluid has been investigated. Experimental results revealed that the dynamic viscosity enhances with an increase in the solid vol. fractions and decreases with increasing temperature. However, the maximum enhancement of dynamic viscosity of 55.41% and 17.25% has been observed for 0.1% vol. fraction of ternary hybrid nanofluid compared to water-based Al2O3-TiO2 and Al2O3-CuO hybrid nanofluids, respectively, at a temperature of 45 °C. Due to the increase in the interior resistance of fluid and ternary hybrid, nanofluids have a weaker result on the viscosity. Also, with an increment of the temperature from 35 °C to 45 °C, a 23.64% decrement in dynamic viscosity is observed for ternary hybrid nanofluid. Finally, an accurate correlation with a maximum deviation of 1.5% has been proposed to predict the dynamic viscosity of Al2O3-CuO-TiO2/water ternary hybrid nanofluid.

中文翻译：

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确定三元混合纳米流体粘度的新相关性的发展

摘要 在本研究中，提出了温度和纳米颗粒浓度对水基Al2O3-CuO-TiO2 三元杂化纳米流体动态粘度影响的实验研究。实验在固体体积中进行。馏分范围为 0.01–0.1%，温度范围为 35°C 至 50°C。此外，SEM 图像以及 0.05% vol. 的 EDX 分析。已经研究了分数三元混合纳米流体。实验结果表明，动态粘度随着固体体积的增加而增加。分数并随温度升高而降低。然而，已观察到 0.1% 体积的动态粘度最大提高 55.41% 和 17.25%。与水基 Al2O3-TiO2 和 Al2O3-CuO 混合纳米流体相比，三元混合纳米流体的比例，在 45°C 的温度下。由于流体和三元混合体的内阻增加，纳米流体对粘度的影响较弱。此外，随着温度从 35°C 增加到 45°C，观察到三元混合纳米流体的动态粘度下降 23.64%。最后，提出了最大偏差为 1.5% 的准确相关性来预测 Al2O3-CuO-TiO2/水三元混合纳米流体的动态粘度。