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Does socioeconomic status moderate the political divide on climate change? The roles of education, income, and individualism
Global Environmental Change ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.102024
Matthew T. Ballew , Adam R. Pearson , Matthew H. Goldberg , Seth A. Rosenthal , Anthony Leiserowitz

Previous research documents that U.S. conservatives, and conservative white males in particular, tend to dismiss the threat of climate change more than others in the U.S. public. Other research indicates that higher education and income can each exacerbate the dismissive tendencies of the political Right. Bridging these lines of research, the present study examines the extent to which higher education and/or income moderate the ideological divide and the “conservative white male effect” on several climate change opinions, and whether these effects are mediated by an individualistic worldview (e.g., valuing individual liberty and limited government). Using nationally representative survey data of U.S. adults from 2008 to 2017 (N = 20,024), we find that across all beliefs, risk perceptions, and policy preferences examined, the ideological divide strengthens with both higher education and higher income. However, educational attainment plays a stronger role than income in polarizing the views of conservative white males. Further analyses support the hypothesis that differences in individualism partially explain the increased political polarization among more educated and higher-income adults, as well as greater dismissiveness among conservative white males relative to other demographic groups. These results highlight key moderators of opinion polarization, as well as ideological differences among conservatives, that are often overlooked in public discourse about climate change. Implications for climate change education and communication across demographic groups are considered.



中文翻译:

社会经济地位是否缓解了气候变化方面的政治分歧?教育,收入和个人主义的作用

先前的研究表明,美国保守派,尤其是保守的白人男性,比美国公众更倾向于消除气候变化的威胁。其他研究表明,高等教育和收入都可以加剧政治权利的蔑视倾向。结合这些研究思路,本研究考察了高等教育和/或收入在多大程度上缓解了意识形态鸿沟和对几种气候变化观点的“保守的白人男性效应”,以及这些效应是否由个人主义世界观介导(例如, ,重视个人自由和有限的政府)。使用2008年至2017年美国成年人的全国代表性调查数据(N = 20,024),我们发现,在所有信念,风险认知和政策偏好研究中,随着高等教育和收入的增加,意识形态鸿沟不断加深。但是,在使保守的白人男性的观点两极化时,教育程度比收入发挥更大的作用。进一步的分析支持以下假设,即个人主义差异部分解释了受过高等教育的高收入成年人中政治两极化的加剧,以及保守的白人男性相对于其他人口统计学群体的不屑一顾。这些结果凸显了舆论两极分化的主要调解人,以及保守派之间的意识形态差异,而这些差异在有关气候变化的公开讨论中常常被忽视。

更新日期:2019-12-26
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