Potent opioids are increasingly responsible for morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Fentanyl and fentanyl derivatives are increasingly prevalent as adulterants or substitutes for opioid drugs of abuse in Europe and in North America. Trafficking and distribution of these chemicals evolves continuously and is poorly characterized at this time. Rescue and emergency personnel are increasingly concerned with the possibility of unintentional environmental exposures that might occur in the course of their operational duties. There is evidence that opioid agonists have been broadcast or applied directly in an offensive manner as incapacitating agents. Defending against toxicity from such agents requires a thoughtful plan for protection, decontamination, and treatment.

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强效阿片类药物及其对国防的影响

在西方世界，强效阿片类药物对发病率和死亡率的影响越来越大。在欧洲和北美，芬太尼和芬太尼衍生物作为滥用的阿片类药物的掺杂物或替代品越来越普遍。这些化学品的贩运和分配不断发展，目前尚无定论。救援和应急人员越来越关注在其操作职责过程中可能发生的无意环境暴露的可能性。有证据表明，阿片类药物激动剂已作为失能剂以令人反感的方式直接传播或应用。防御此类药剂的毒性需要周密的保护、净化和治疗计划。