Electrical energy storage has a critical role in future energy systems, but deployment is constrained by high costs and barriers to ‘stacking’ multiple revenue streams. We analyse the effects of different policy measures and revenue stacking on the economics of residential electricity storage in the UK. We identify six policy interventions through industry interviews and quantify their impact using a techno-economic model of a 4 kWh battery paired with a 4 kW solar system. Without policy intervention, residential batteries are not currently financially viable in the UK. Policies that enable access to multiple revenue streams, rather than just maximising PV self-consumption, improve this proposition. Demand Load-Shifting and Peak Shaving respectively increase the net present value per unit of investment cost (NPV/Capex) by 30 and 9 percentage points respectively. Given projected reductions in storage costs, stacking these services brings forward the break-even date for residential batteries by 9 years to 2024, and increases the effectiveness of policies that reduce upfront costs, suggesting that current policy is correctly focused on enabling revenue stacking. However, additional support is needed to accelerate deployment in the near term. Combining revenue stacking with a subsidy of £250 per kWh or zero-interest loans could make residential storage profitable by 2020.

电能存储在未来的能源系统中起着至关重要的作用，但是部署受到高成本和“堆叠”多个收入流的障碍的限制。我们分析了不同的政策措施和税收收入对英国住宅用电存储经济的影响。我们通过行业访谈确定了六项政策干预措施，并使用4 kWh电池与4 kW太阳能系统配对的技术经济模型来量化其影响。没有政策干预，家用电池在英国目前在财务上不可行。能够访问多个收入流，而不仅仅是最大化PV自耗的策略，可以改善这一主张。需求转移和削峰分别使每单位投资成本的净现值（NPV / Capex）分别增加了30和9个百分点。考虑到预计的存储成本降低，堆叠这些服务将使家用电池的收支平衡日期提前9年到2024年，并提高降低前期成本的政策的有效性，这表明当前的政策正确地集中在实现收入堆叠上。但是，需要额外的支持以加快近期的部署。将收入堆叠与每千瓦时250英镑的补贴或零息贷款相结合，到2020年可使住宅存储获利。并提高了降低前期成本的政策的有效性，这表明当前的政策正确地侧重于实现收入增加。但是，需要额外的支持来加快近期的部署。将收入堆叠与每千瓦时250英镑的补贴或零息贷款相结合，到2020年可使住宅存储获利。并提高了降低前期成本的政策的有效性，这表明当前的政策正确地集中在实现收入增加上。但是，需要额外的支持以加快近期的部署。将收入堆叠与每千瓦时250英镑的补贴或零息贷款相结合，到2020年可使住宅存储获利。