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Enhancing the defect contrast in ECCI through angular filtering of BSEs
Ultramicroscopy ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.112922
Han Han 1 , Thomas Hantschel 2 , Andreas Schulze 3 , Libor Strakos 4 , Tomas Vystavel 4 , Roger Loo 2 , Bernardette Kunert 2 , Robert Langer 2 , Wilfried Vandervorst 1 , Matty Caymax 2
Affiliation  

In this study, an annular multi-segment backscattered electron (BSE) detector is used in back scatter geometry to investigate the influence of the angular distribution of BSE on the crystalline defect contrast in electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI). The study is carried out on GaAs and Ge layers epitaxially grown on top of silicon (Si) substrates, respectively. The influence of the BSE detection angle and landing energy are studied to identify the optimal ECCI conditions. It is demonstrated that the angular selection of BSEs exhibits strong effects on defect contrast formation with variation of beam energies. In our study, maximum defect contrast can be obtained at BSE detection angles 53-65° for the investigated energies 5, 10 and 20 keV. In addition, it is found that higher beam energy is favorable to reveal defects with stronger contrast whereas lower energy ( ≤ 5 keV) is favorable for revealing crystalline defects as well as with topographic features on the surface. Our study provides optimal ECCI conditions, and therefore enables a precise and fast detection of threading dislocations in lowly defective materials and nanoscale 3D semiconductor structures where signal to noise ratio is especially important. A comparison of ECCI with BSE and secondary electron imaging further demonstrates the strength of ECCI in term of simultaneous detection of defects and morphology features such as terraces with atomic step heights.

中文翻译:

通过 BSE 的角度过滤增强 ECCI 中的缺陷对比度

在这项研究中,环形多段背散射电子 (BSE) 检测器用于背散射几何,以研究 BSE 的角分布对电子通道对比成像 (ECCI) 中晶体缺陷对比度的影响。该研究分别在硅 (Si) 衬底顶部外延生长的 GaAs 和 Ge 层上进行。研究了 BSE 检测角度和着陆能量的影响,以确定最佳 ECCI 条件。结果表明,BSE 的角度选择对光束能量变化的缺陷对比度形成有很强的影响。在我们的研究中,对于所研究的能量 5、10 和 20 keV,可以在 BSE 检测角 53-65° 处获得最大缺陷对比度。此外,发现较高的光束能量有利于揭示具有更强对比度的缺陷,而较低的能量(≤5 keV)有利于揭示晶体缺陷以及表面的形貌特征。我们的研究提供了最佳的 ECCI 条件,因此能够精确快速地检测低缺陷材料和纳米级 3D 半导体结构中的螺纹位错,其中信噪比尤为重要。ECCI 与 BSE 和二次电子成像的比较进一步证明了 ECCI 在同时检测缺陷和形态特征(例如具有原子台阶高度的梯田)方面的优势。因此,可以精确快速地检测低缺陷材料和纳米级 3D 半导体结构中的螺纹位错,其中信噪比尤为重要。ECCI 与 BSE 和二次电子成像的比较进一步证明了 ECCI 在同时检测缺陷和形态特征(例如具有原子台阶高度的梯田)方面的优势。因此,可以精确快速地检测低缺陷材料和纳米级 3D 半导体结构中的螺纹位错,其中信噪比尤为重要。ECCI 与 BSE 和二次电子成像的比较进一步证明了 ECCI 在同时检测缺陷和形态特征(例如具有原子台阶高度的梯田)方面的优势。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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