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Fitness for transport of cull dairy cows at livestock markets.
Journal of Dairy Science ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-24 , DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17454
J Stojkov 1 , M A G von Keyserlingk 1 , T Duffield 2 , D Fraser 1
Affiliation  

Cows are regularly removed from dairy herds and sold at livestock markets. Many cows are removed because of health problems, and their fitness for transport may vary because of seasonal variation, delayed or poor on-farm culling decisions, injuries during transport, and other factors. However, many dairy producers lack feedback about the condition of their cows during the marketing process and how cow condition influences sale price. This study evaluated the condition of cull dairy cows sold at livestock markets, tested how changing demand for milk influenced fitness for transport, and quantified how cow condition affected the price paid. For 12 mo, 2 livestock markets in British Columbia, Canada, were visited during 137 auction events when cull dairy cows were sold; 3 trained assessors observed 6,263 cull dairy cows while they were marketed in a sale ring. Observers recorded the cows' body condition score (BCS), locomotion score (LS), udder condition, quality defects (e.g., injuries, illness), and price. Logistic regression was used to test how month-to-month changes in demand for milk affected cows' fitness for transport, and a linear mixed model assessed how the animals' condition influenced the price. About 10% of the cows were thin (BCS ≤2), 7% were severely lame (locomotion score ≥4), 13% had engorged or inflamed udders, and 6% had other quality defects including abscesses, injuries, and signs of sickness (e.g., pneumonia). Cows culled during months with increased milk demand had much higher odds of poor fitness for transport (odds ratio 8.6, 95% confidence interval: 4.02-18.22). The price was most reduced if cows were thin (BCS ≤2) or visibly sick (-$0.63 ± 0.01/kg and -$0.56 ± 0.02/kg, respectively). Prices were reduced to a lesser degree by locomotion score ≥4 (-$0.35 ± 0.02/kg) and by udder condition (udder inflammation; -$0.30 ± 0.02/kg). Overall fitness for transport reduced the price by $0.51 ± 0.01/kg. In summary, about 30% of the cows sold at livestock markets had poor fitness for transport, which was partially influenced by increased milk demand and resulted in reduced market prices.

中文翻译:

在牲畜市场上运输剔除奶牛的适宜性。

定期将奶牛从奶牛群中移出并在牲畜市场出售。由于健康问题,许多牛被移走了,运输的适应性可能会因季节变化,农场淘汰决定的延迟或差,运输过程中的受伤以及其他因素而发生变化。但是,许多乳制品生产商缺乏有关销售过程中奶牛状况以及奶牛状况如何影响售价的反馈。这项研究评估了在牲畜市场上出售的剔除奶牛的状况,测试了对牛奶需求的变化如何影响运输的适应性,并量化了奶牛状况如何影响所支付的价格。在137次拍卖中,出售了淘汰的奶牛,参观了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的2个牲畜市场,持续了12个月。观察到3名训练有素的评估师,在销售环中出售时,有263头淘汰的奶牛。观察者记录了母牛的身体状况评分(BCS),运动评分(LS),乳房状况,质量缺陷(例如,受伤,疾病)和价格。Logistic回归用于检验牛奶需求的逐月变化如何影响奶牛的运输适应性,并且线性混合模型评估了动物的状况如何影响价格。约有10%的母牛是瘦的(BCS≤2),有7%的是严重me脚的(运动评分≥4),有13%的乳房肿胀或发炎,还有6%的其他质量缺陷包括脓肿,受伤和疾病迹象(例如,肺炎)。在牛奶需求增加的月份淘汰的母牛,其运输适应性差的几率要高得多(几率8.6,95%的置信区间:4.02-18.22)。如果母牛比较瘦(BCS≤2)或明显生病(分别为-$ 0.63±0.01 / kg和-$ 0.56±0.02 / kg),则价格降低幅度最大。运动评分≥4(-$ 0.35±0.02 / kg)和乳房状况(乳房发炎;-$ 0.30±0.02 / kg),价格降低的程度较小。运输的整体适合度将价格降低了0.51美元±0.01 / kg。总之,在牲畜市场上出售的大约30%的母牛运输条件不佳,部分原因是牛奶需求增加,导致市场价格下降。
更新日期:2019-12-25
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