Polymeric nanocomposites are the materials incorporating nanosized inclusions into the polymer matrixes. The result of the addition of nanoparticles/fibers is a drastic improvement in properties that may include mechanical, electrical, thermal conductivity, or even the acoustical properties. Polymer nanocomposites have spawned huge interest for the development of high‐performance products such as lightweight sensors, thin‐film capacitors, batteries, flame retardant products, biodegradable and biocompatible materials, and so on. The field of polymer nanocomposites has been at the forefront of research in the polymer community for the past few decades and an extremely large number of scientific papers have been published. Nevertheless, application‐oriented guidelines for selecting the ecofriendly nanocomposites for advanced industrial applications are missing in the state of the art. This review article summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art polymeric nanocomposites, highlighting prominent nanofillers categorized based on their applications, origins, dimensional characteristics, and so on. Each filler type contains a short description of its main feature together with the most relevant and potential applications. To address the global concern about nondegradable wastes, novel green alternatives of each nanofiller type are discussed. Special attention is also given to the biocompatibility properties of the composites. This study provides a state‐of‐the‐art road map to select multifunctional polymeric nanocomposites from huge varieties for advanced industrial applications.

中文翻译：

---

针对高级应用选择聚合物纳米复合材料的面向应用的路线图：综述

聚合物纳米复合材料是将纳米级夹杂物掺入到聚合物基质中的材料。添加纳米颗粒/纤维的结果是性能的显着改善，这些性能可能包括机械，导电，导热性，甚至是声学性能。聚合物纳米复合材料对高性能产品的开发产生了极大的兴趣，例如轻型传感器，薄膜电容器，电池，阻燃产品，可生物降解和生物相容性材料等。在过去的几十年中，聚合物纳米复合材料领域一直是聚合物界研究的最前沿，已经发表了大量的科学论文。尽管如此，在先进技术中，缺少为高级工业应用选择环保纳米复合材料的以应用为导向的指南。这篇综述文章总结了当前最先进的聚合物纳米复合材料，重点介绍了根据其应用，来源，尺寸特征等分类的重要纳米填料。每种填料类型都包含其主要特征的简短说明以及最相关和潜在的应用。为了解决全球对不可降解废物的关注，讨论了每种纳米填料类型的新型绿色替代品。还特别注意了复合材料的生物相容性。这项研究提供了先进的路线图，可以从众多品种中选择多功能聚合物纳米复合材料，用于先进的工业应用。