A superhydrophilic film without UV irradiation consisting of bayberry-like mesoporous TiO₂ microspheres was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method combined with the spin-coating method. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the mesoporous TiO₂ microspheres could be adjusted by controlling the reaction kinetics of hydrolysis and condensation of titanium tetrachloride in water/urea aqueous mixtures. The results showed that the surface morphology of TiO₂ changed from “papilla-like”, “rough” to “smooth” and the crystal structure also changed from rutile to anatase when the amount of urea used ranged from 0 to 2 g. The film consisting of the bayberry-like TiO₂-1.68 sample had a water contact angle of 2° without UV irradiation, and its superhydrophilic property could be ascribed to the cooperative effect between the surface roughness and high density of surface hydroxyl groups. This demonstrates that nanoflower mesoporous TiO₂ microspheres with a rough surface can be obtained via the kinetics-controlled method, which can provide a new method for designing mesoporous TiO₂ with different structures, surface morphologies and multi-functionalities.

中文翻译：

---

动力学控制方法合成杨梅状介孔TiO2微球及其亲水膜

通过简单的水热法与旋涂法相结合，制备了由杨梅状介孔TiO ₂微球组成的无紫外线辐射的超亲水膜。介孔TiO ₂微球的晶体结构和表面形态可以通过控制四氯化钛在水/尿素水混合物中的水解和缩合反应动力学来调节。结果表明，当尿素用量为0〜2 g时，TiO ₂的表面形貌由“乳头状”，“粗糙”变为“光滑”，晶体结构也由金红石型变为锐钛矿型。由杨梅状TiO ₂组成的薄膜-1.68样品在无紫外线照射下的水接触角为2°，其超亲水性可归因于表面粗糙度与高表面羟基密度之间的协同作用。这表明可以通过动力学控制的方法获得具有粗糙表面的纳米花介孔TiO ₂微球，这可以为设计具有不同结构，表面形态和多功能的介孔TiO ₂提供一种新的方法。