INTRODUCTION This study evaluated sex differences in substance use changes across two transitions: from adolescence (age 17 yrs.) to emergent adulthood (age 23 yrs.), and maturing out from emergent to later young adulthood (ages 28 and 33 yrs.). METHODS Four-wave longitudinal data (N = 1004) from adolescence to young adulthood were used and five substance outcomes were assessed (cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use, heavy drinking episodes (HDEs), and alcohol problems). A longitudinal mixed model tested Sex × Time interactions to determine if sex moderated changes in substance outcomes. RESULTS Findings supported both increases in substance outcomes from adolescence to emergent adulthood and decreases in substance outcomes from emergent adulthood to later young adulthood. Sex moderated these relationships, with males increasing their use of substances more than females across the transition from adolescence to emergent adulthood. Findings were partially robust across substance outcomes, although sex specificity was indicated for some substance outcomes (e.g., males' greater acceleration than females for HDEs) for the adolescent to emergent adult interval (from ages 17-23 years) and sex differences in maturing out for some outcomes (e.g., females' matured out earlier than males for cigarette and marijuana use). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide support for developmental changes associated with significant increases in substance use during the early twenties and decreases (maturing out) in the late twenties and early thirties. Sex moderated the strength of these relationships and these sex differences may be associated with changes in young adult social roles (e.g., marriage, parenting, and occupational roles).

中文翻译：

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从青春期到年轻成年期在物质使用上的性别差异：测试新兴成年期增加并在以后的年轻成年期成熟的方法。

引言这项研究评估了两种过渡时期在物质使用方面的性别差异：从青春期（17岁）到成年成年（23岁），以及从新兴到成年后的成年（28岁和33岁）。方法使用从青春期到成年的四波纵波数据（N = 1004），评估了五种物质的结局（香烟，酒精和大麻的使用，重度饮酒发作（HDE）和酒精中毒）。纵向混合模型测试了性别与时间的交互作用，以确定性别是否缓和了物质结局的变化。结果发现既支持从青春期到新生的成年物质结果的增加，也从新生的成年到后来的年轻成年物质结果的降低。性别调节了这些关系，在从青春期到成年的过渡过程中，男性比女性更多地增加了对物质的使用。尽管在青少年到刚成年的间隔（从17-23岁开始）和成熟期的性别差异中，某些物质结果（例如，男性对HDE的加速度比女性更大）显示出性别特异性，但在各个物质结果上的发现在一定程度上是可靠的。某些结果（例如，使用香烟和大麻的女性早于男性成熟）。结论这些发现为发育变化提供了支持，该变化与二十世纪初期的物质使用显着增加以及二十世纪后期和三十年代的减少（逐渐成熟）有关。