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From individuals to populations: How intraspecific competition shapes thermal reaction norms
Functional Ecology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13516
François Mallard 1, 2 , Vincent Le Bourlot 2 , Christie Le Coeur 1, 3 , Monique Avnaim 1 , Romain Péronnet 1 , David Claessen 2 , Thomas Tully 1
Affiliation  

Most ectotherms follow the temperature‐size rule (TSR): in cold environments individuals grow slowly but reach a large asymptotic length. Intraspecific competition can induce plastic changes of growth rate and asymptotic length and competition may itself be modulated by temperature. Our aim was to disentangle the joint effects of temperature and intraspecific competition on growth rate and asymptotic length. We used two distinct clonal lineages of the Collembola Folsomia candida, to describe thermal reaction norms of growth rate, asymptotic length and reproduction over six temperatures between 6 and 29°C. In parallel, we measured the long‐term size structure and dynamics of springtail populations reared under the same temperatures to measure growth rates and asymptotic lengths in populations and to quantify the joint effects of competition and temperature on these traits. We show that intraspecific competition modulates the temperature‐size rule. In dense populations there is a direct negative effect of temperature on asymptotic length, but there is no temperature dependence of the growth rate, the dominant factor regulating growth being competition. The two lineages responded differently to the joint effects of temperature and competition on growth and asymptotic size and these genetic differences have marked effects on population structure along our temperature gradient. Our results reinforce the idea that the TSR of ectotherms can be modulated by biotic and abiotic stressors when studied in non‐optimal laboratory experiments. Untangling complex interactions between the environment and demography will help to understand how growth trajectories respond to environmental change and how climate change may influence population size structure. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

中文翻译:

从个体到群体:种内竞争如何塑造热反应规范

大多数变温动物遵循温度大小规则(TSR):在寒冷的环境中,个体生长缓慢,但渐近长度很大。种内竞争可以诱导生长速率和渐近长度的塑性变化,并且竞争本身可能受温度调节。我们的目标是解开温度和种内竞争对生长速率和渐近长度的联合影响。我们使用了念珠菌 Collembola Folsomia 的两个不同克隆谱系来描述在 6 到 29°C 之间的六个温度下生长速率、渐近长度和繁殖的热反应规范。在平行下,我们测量了在相同温度下饲养的跳尾种群的长期大小结构和动态,以测量种群的增长率和渐近长度,并量化竞争和温度对这些性状的联合影响。我们表明种内竞争调节温度大小规则。在密集种群中,温度对渐近长度有直接的负面影响,但生长速率与温度无关,调节生长的主要因素是竞争。这两个谱系对温度和竞争对生长和渐近大小的联合影响的反应不同,这些遗传差异对沿着我们的温度梯度的种群结构产生了显着影响。我们的结果强化了这样一种观点,即在非最佳实验室实验中研究时,变温动物的 TSR 可以由生物和非生物压力因素调节。解开环境和人口之间复杂的相互作用将有助于了解增长轨迹如何响应环境变化以及气候变化如何影响人口规模结构。可以在本文的支持信息中找到免费的普通语言摘要。
更新日期:2020-02-05
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