Abstract Neurotransmitters maintain physiological condition and behaviour of the brain and body. Studies on transmitting mechanisms and change in concentration of particular neurotransmitters provide knowledge about how these substances enhance our ability to interpret complex neural pathophysiology and thus advancing us towards developing new therapeutic and diagnostic intervention. Since the role of neurotransmitters in the cognitive processes are much complex, therefore their detection-based analysis leads to expand our understanding on their functions and early disease detection. One of the most crucial aspects of neuroscience is developing profound understanding of neurotransmitter release kinetics. As compared to other techniques, employing nanobiosensors for studying neurotransmission and dynamic changes in neurons exhibit relatively fast, accurate and significant results where other techniques generally fail. Using advanced techniques, high sensitivity and specificity also furnish precise information of neurotransmitter transport at the cellular level. Over the past few years, the advanced nanomaterials in combination of various biomolecules and distinct polymers are widely used in development of biosensing platforms for in-vivo and in-vitro point of care neurotransmitters detection. The review article is focused upon summarizing present status of nanobiosensors based neurotransmitter detection for clinical samples. This firstly describes the importance of neurotransmitters, conventional methods for neurotransmitters detection; need of developing advanced sensing methods and importance of nanomaterials to develop these sensing platforms. Secondly, current status of developed electrochemical and optical nanosensors for different neurotransmitters detection is elaborated in detail. The reported work extensively explains the importance of nano based sensing platforms for understating of neurotransmitters detection. Last section of the review summarized the future perspectives of nanosensors in clinical set-up for neurotransmitter detection.

中文翻译：

---

用于神经递质检测的纳米传感器的最新进展：现在和未来展望

摘要 神经递质维持大脑和身体的生理状态和行为。对传输机制和特定神经递质浓度变化的研究提供了关于这些物质如何增强我们解释复杂神经病理生理学的能力的知识，从而推动我们开发新的治疗和诊断干预措施。由于神经递质在认知过程中的作用非常复杂，因此基于检测的分析有助于扩展我们对其功能和早期疾病检测的理解。神经科学最重要的方面之一是深入了解神经递质释放动力学。与其他技术相比，使用纳米生物传感器来研究神经传递和神经元的动态变化表现出相对较快，在其他技术通常失败的情况下获得准确和重要的结果。使用先进的技术，高灵敏度和特异性还可以在细胞水平上提供神经递质转运的精确信息。在过去几年中，结合各种生物分子和不同聚合物的先进纳米材料被广泛用于开发用于体内和体外护理点神经递质检测的生物传感平台。该评论文章的重点是总结基于纳米生物传感器的临床样本神经递质检测的现状。这首先描述了神经递质的重要性，神经递质检测的常规方法；需要开发先进的传感方法以及纳米材料对开发这些传感平台的重要性。第二，详细阐述了用于不同神经递质检测的电化学和光学纳米传感器的发展现状。报告的工作广泛解释了基于纳米的传感平台对于低估神经递质检测的重要性。综述的最后一部分总结了纳米传感器在神经递质检测临床设置中的未来前景。