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The influence of dietary patterns on gut microbiome and its consequences for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Trends in Food Science & Technology ( IF 15.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.013
Qing-Song Zhang , Feng-Wei Tian , Jian-Xin Zhao , Hao Zhang , Qi-Xiao Zhai , Wei Chen

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease and has great effects on quality of human life. Diets are one of the most important factors in the development of NAFLD, and in shaping gut microbiome. The role of the gut microbiota in the development of NAFLD has been increasingly studied in recent years. Therefore, the relationship among diet, the gut microbiome, and NAFLD requires discussion and clarification.

Scope and approach

This review provides a comprehensive survey of the effects of the Western diet, Mediterranean diet, and Vegetarian diet on NAFLD and summarizes the current known mechanisms by which the gut microbiome affects NAFLD. In addition, the manner by which diet affects NAFLD via alteration of characteristic microorganism was also evaluated.

Key Findings and Conclusions: In the Mediterranean diets, the representative foods such as olive oil (rich in MUFA) and fish (rich in omega-3 PUFA) reduce the risk of NAFLD. Typical foods in the Vegetarian diets are vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains. These foods are rich in dietary fiber, polyphenol, folate and carotenoid, which are beneficial against the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Red and processed meat (rich in saturated fat) and sugar (rich in fructose) are the most common foods in the Western diet, which may contribute to the development of NAFLD. The gut microbiome exerts various effects on the development and progression of NAFLD, by affecting host energy balance, intestinal permeability, choline metabolism and short-chain fatty acids production. Furthermore, the different diets promoted the growth of characteristic microorganisms associated with NAFLD. Clarifying these associations will be useful for future dietary interventions in patients with NAFLD.



中文翻译:

饮食方式对肠道微生物组的影响及其对非酒精性脂肪肝的影响

背景

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是最流行的慢性肝病,对人类生活质量有很大影响。饮食是发展NAFLD和塑造肠道微生物组的最重要因素之一。近年来,肠道菌群在NAFLD发生中的作用已得到越来越多的研究。因此,饮食,肠道微生物组和NAFLD之间的关系需要讨论和澄清。

范围和方法

这篇综述对西方饮食,地中海饮食和素食饮食对NAFLD的影响进行了全面调查,并总结了肠道微生物组影响NAFLD的当前已知机制。另外,还评估了饮食通过特征微生物的改变影响NAFLD的方式。

主要发现和结论:在地中海饮食中,代表性食品,例如橄榄油(富含MUFA)和鱼(富含omega-3 PUFA),可降低罹患NAFLD的风险。素食中的典型食物是蔬菜,水果,坚果,全谷物。这些食物富含膳食纤维,多酚,叶酸和类胡萝卜素,有利于NAFLD的发病。红色和加工肉类(富含饱和脂肪)和糖类(富含果糖)是西方饮食中最常见的食物,可能有助于NAFLD的发展。肠道微生物组通过影响宿主能量平衡,肠道通透性,胆碱代谢和短链脂肪酸产生,对NAFLD的发生和发展产生各种影响。此外,不同的饮食促进了与NAFLD相关的特征性微生物的生长。

更新日期:2019-12-23
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