The world emits over 14 gigatons of CO2 in excess of what can be remediated by natural processes annually, contributing to rising atmospheric CO2 levels and increasing global temperatures. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2 RR) to value-added chemicals and fuels has been proposed as a method for reusing these excess anthropogenic emissions. While state-of-the-art CO2 RR systems exhibit high current densities and faradaic efficiencies, research on long-term electrode durability, necessary for this technology to be implemented commercially, is lacking. Previous reviews have focused mainly on the CO2 electrolyzer performance without considering durability. In this Review, the need for research into high-performing and durable CO2 RR systems is stressed by summarizing the state-of-the-art with respect to durability. Various failure modes observed are also reported and a protocol for standard durability testing of CO2 RR systems is proposed.

中文翻译：

---

高效的电化学还原CO2的耐用阴极和电解槽。

全世界每年排放的二氧化碳超过14吉特，超过了自然过程所能弥补的水平，这导致了大气中二氧化碳水平的上升和全球温度的上升。已提出将CO2的电化学还原法（CO2 RR）还原为增值化学品和燃料，作为再利用这些人为排放物的方法。尽管最先进的CO2 RR系统具有高电流密度和法拉第效率，但仍缺乏对这项技术在商业上实现所必需的长期电极耐久性的研究。先前的评论主要集中在CO2电解槽的性能上，而不考虑耐用性。在本综述中，通过总结有关耐用性的最新技术，强调了对高性能和耐用性CO2 RR系统进行研究的需求。