MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to fine‐tune growth, development, and stress‐induced responses. Osa‐miR1873 is a rice‐specific miRNA targeting LOC_Os05g01790. Here, we show that Osa‐miR1873 fine‐tunes rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae and yield traits via LOC_Os05g01790. Osa‐miR1873 was significantly upregulated in a susceptible accession but downregulated in a resistance accession at 24 h post‐inoculation (hpi) of M. oryzae. Overexpressing Osa‐miR1873 enhanced susceptibility to M. oryzae and compromised induction of defense responses. In contrast, blocking Osa‐miR1873 through target mimicry compromised susceptibility to M. oryzae and enhanced induction of defense responses. Altered expression of Osa‐miR1873 also resulted in some defects in yield traits, including grain numbers and seed setting rate. Moreover, overexpression of the target gene LOC_Os05g01790 increased rice blast disease resistance but severely penalized growth and yield. Taken together, we demonstrate that Osa‐miR1873 fine‐tunes the rice immunity‐growth trade‐off via LOC_Os05g01790, and blocking Osa‐miR1873 could improve blast disease resistance without significant yield penalty. Thus, the Osa‐miR1873‐LOC_Os05g01790 regulatory module is valuable in balancing yield traits and blast resistance.

中文翻译：

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Osa-miR1873调节水稻对稻瘟病菌的免疫力和产量性状。

已知MicroRNA（miRNA）可微调生长，发育和应激诱导的反应。Osa‐miR1873是针对LOC_Os05g01790的水稻特有的miRNA 。在这里，我们显示Osa-miR1873通过LOC_Os05g01790调节了水稻对稻瘟病菌的免疫力和产量性状。在接种稻瘟病菌（hpi）后24小时，Osa-miR1873在易感种质中显着上调，而在抗性质种中下调。过表达的Osa-miR1873增强了对M的敏感性。米粉和防御反应的诱导不足。相比之下，封锁Osa-miR1873通过目标拟态影响了对M的敏感性。水稻和增强防御反应的诱导。Osa-miR1873的表达改变还导致产量性状的某些缺陷，包括籽粒数量和结实率。此外，靶基因LOC_Os05g01790的过表达提高了稻瘟病的抗病性，但严重损害了其生长和产量。综上所述，我们证明Osa-miR1873可通过LOC_Os05g01790来微调水稻的免疫-生长平衡，而阻断Osa-miR1873可以提高抗稻瘟病的能力，而不会显着增加产量。因此，Osa‐miR1873‐LOC_Os05g01790 调节模块在平衡产量性状和抗稻瘟病性方面很有价值。