Abstract In the present study, we investigated the effect of monodispersed zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the proliferation, myogenic differentiation and regulation of associated myogenic marker genes. The as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles had the hexagonal wurtzite structure with maximum absorption at 355 nm and the band gap energy was found to be 3.21 eV. The electron microscopy analysis showed that the ZnO nanoparticles are spherical in shape with an average size range between 10 to 15 nm. The XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal structure of ZnO nanoparticles and the Raman spectroscopic analysis showed the vibrations of the zinc lattice and oxygen vibration of ZnO nanoparticles. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on myogenic differentiation was analyzed using C2C12 cells and the results showed the nanoparticles supported the proliferation with negotiable cytotoxic activity. Moreover, the ZnO nanoparticles were significantly enhanced the myoblasts into myotube formation through upregulating the myogenic markers such as myosin heavy chain, MyoD, MyoG genes. The further analysis demonstrated that the ZnO nanoparticles regulates the non-apoptotic effect of caspases and calpain family proteins in respond to the enhancement of myogenic differentiation. Together, the ZnO nanoparticles provide an additional evidence for the role of nanomaterials in skeletal muscle repair and tissue regeneration engineering.

中文翻译：

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氧化锌纳米颗粒促进小鼠成肌细胞 C2C12 细胞中肌源性分化为肌管的形成

摘要 在本研究中，我们研究了单分散氧化锌 (ZnO) 纳米颗粒对相关肌原标记基因的增殖、肌源分化和调控的影响。所制备的 ZnO 纳米颗粒具有六方纤锌矿结构，在 355 nm 处具有最大吸收，发现带隙能量为 3.21 eV。电子显微镜分析表明，ZnO 纳米颗粒呈球形，平均尺寸范围在 10 至 15 nm 之间。XRD 分析证实了 ZnO 纳米颗粒的六方结构，拉曼光谱分析显示了 ZnO 纳米颗粒的锌晶格振动和氧振动。使用 C2C12 细胞分析了 ZnO 纳米颗粒对肌原性分化的影响，结果表明纳米颗粒支持增殖，具有可协商的细胞毒活性。此外，ZnO纳米颗粒通过上调肌球蛋白重链、MyoD、MyoG基因等生肌标志物，显着增强成肌细胞形成肌管。进一步的分析表明，氧化锌纳米颗粒调节半胱天冬酶和钙蛋白酶家族蛋白的非凋亡作用，以响应肌源性分化的增强。总之，氧化锌纳米颗粒为纳米材料在骨骼肌修复和组织再生工程中的作用提供了额外的证据。ZnO纳米颗粒通过上调肌球蛋白重链、MyoD、MyoG基因等生肌标志物，显着增强成肌细胞形成肌管。进一步的分析表明，氧化锌纳米颗粒调节半胱天冬酶和钙蛋白酶家族蛋白的非凋亡作用，以响应肌源性分化的增强。总之，氧化锌纳米颗粒为纳米材料在骨骼肌修复和组织再生工程中的作用提供了额外的证据。ZnO纳米颗粒通过上调肌球蛋白重链、MyoD、MyoG基因等生肌标志物，显着增强成肌细胞形成肌管。进一步的分析表明，氧化锌纳米颗粒调节半胱天冬酶和钙蛋白酶家族蛋白的非凋亡作用，以响应肌源性分化的增强。总之，氧化锌纳米颗粒为纳米材料在骨骼肌修复和组织再生工程中的作用提供了额外的证据。