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Mechanisms of inter-epidemic maintenance of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus.
Antiviral Research ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104692
Melanie Rissmann 1 , Franziska Stoek 1 , Matthew J Pickin 1 , Martin H Groschup 1
Affiliation  

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne virus that has caused substantial epidemics throughout Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula. The virus can cause severe disease in livestock and humans and therefore the control and prevention of viral outbreaks is of utmost importance. The epidemiology of RVFV has some particular characteristics. Unexpected and significant epidemics have been observed in spatially and temporally divergent patterns across the African continent. Sudden epidemics in previously unaffected areas are followed by periods of long-term apparent absence of virus and sudden, unpredictable reoccurrence in disparate regions. Therefore, the elucidation of underlying mechanisms of viral maintenance is one of the largest gaps in the knowledge of RVFV ecology. It remains unknown whether the virus needs to be reintroduced before RVF outbreaks can occur, or if unperceived viral circulation in local vertebrates or mosquitoes is sufficient for maintenance of the virus. To gain insight into these knowledge gaps, we here review existing data that describe potential mechanisms of RVFV maintenance, as well as molecular and serological studies in endemic and non-endemic areas that provide evidence of an inter- or pre-epidemic virus presence. Basic and country-specific mechanisms of RVFV introduction into non-endemic countries are summarized and an overview of studies using mathematical modeling of RVFV persistence is given.

中文翻译:

裂谷热静脉病毒的流行间维持机制。

裂谷热静脉病毒(RVFV)是一种节肢动物传播的病毒,已在整个非洲和阿拉伯半岛引起大量流行。该病毒可引起牲畜和人类严重疾病,因此,控制和预防病毒暴发至关重要。RVFV的流行病学具有某些特殊特征。在整个非洲大陆,已观察到意料之外的重大流行病,其时空分布格局不同。在先前未受影响地区的突然流行病之后,是长期明显没有病毒以及在不同地区突然,不可预测的再次发生的时期。因此,阐明病毒维持的潜在机制是对RVFV生态学认识的最大空白之一。目前尚不清楚是否需要在RVF爆发之前重新引入该病毒,或者在当地脊椎动物或蚊子中未察觉的病毒循环足以维持该病毒。为了深入了解这些知识差距,我们在这里回顾描述RVFV维持潜在机制的现有数据,以及在流行和非流行地区进行分子和血清学研究,以提供流行间或流行前病毒存在的证据。总结了将RVFV引入非流行国家的基本和特定国家的机制,并给出了使用数学模型对RVFV持久性进行研究的概述。我们在这里回顾描述RVFV维持潜在机制的现有数据,以及在流行病区和非流行病区进行的分子和血清学研究,这些研究提供了流行间或流行前病毒存在的证据。总结了将RVFV引入非流行国家的基本和特定国家的机制,并给出了使用数学模型对RVFV持久性进行研究的概述。我们在这里回顾现有的数据,这些数据描述了RVFV维持的潜在机制,以及在流行病区和非流行病区进行的分子和血清学研究,这些证据提供了流行间或流行前病毒的存在证据。总结了将RVFV引入非流行国家的基本和特定国家的机制,并给出了使用数学模型对RVFV持久性进行研究的概述。
更新日期:2019-12-21
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