BACKGROUND Visual deficits have been reported in abundance by recent studies on major depressive disorder. Pattern glare manifests as visual distortions, such as the symptoms of headache, glare, eyestrain, illusions of shapes, colors, and motion when viewing repetitive striped patterns, of which some can be observed in major depressive disorder. Inspired by what mentioned, the present study aims to explore whether there exists association between pattern glare and major depressive disorder and further attempts to explore possible clinical diagnostic value of pattern glare in major depressive disorder. METHODS Twenty-four patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDDs group) were compared with 30 age-, gender- and education level-matched healthy control subjects (HCs group) on their visual stress with black-and-white gratings of different spatial frequencies-0.3 (low-SF), 2.3 (mid-SF), and 9.4 (high-SF) cycles per degree (c/deg)-which was named pattern glare test. The MDDs group divided into first episode medication-free group (fMDD) and recurrent medicated group (rMDD), comparisons of pattern glare scores (PGS) were performed within the MDDs group. We used Pearson and Spearman analysis to explore the relationship between some clinical indexes and pattern glare scores. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was used to evaluate whether pattern glare test was able to discriminate patients and healthy controls. RESULTS The mid-SF pattern glare score significantly elevated in patients with major depressive disorder compared to control subjects. No differences of pattern glare scores were found between fMDD and rMDD. A significant negative correlation between mid-high difference and age in HCs group was found. There were no correlations between other variables and pattern glare scores. The mid-SF score has limited value in the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS We observed an increased level of pattern glare in patients with major depressive disorder, reflecting the existence of cortical hyper-excitability in major depressive disorder. The mid-SF score may have a value in understanding cortical excitability in major depressive disorder.

中文翻译：

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重度抑郁症患者的图案眩光水平较高。

背景技术最近关于重度抑郁症的研究已经大量报道了视觉缺陷。图案眩光表现为视觉失真，例如在观察重复的条纹图案时出现头痛，眩光，眼疲劳，形状，颜色和运动错觉的症状，其中一些可以在严重的抑郁症中观察到。受上述启发，本研究旨在探讨模式眩光与重度抑郁症之间是否存在关联，并进一步尝试探索模式眩光在重度抑郁症中的临床诊断价值。方法将24例诊断为重度抑郁症的患者（MDDs组）与30岁，性别和教育水平相匹配的健康对照组（HCs组）的视觉压力，其黑白光栅具有不同的空间频率-0.3（低SF），2.3（中SF）和9.4（高SF） ）每度（c / deg）的循环-称为图案眩光测试。MDDs组分为首发免药组（fMDD）和复发性药物治疗组（rMDD），在MDDs组内进行模式眩光评分（PGS）的比较。我们使用Pearson和Spearman分析来探索某些临床指标与模式眩光得分之间的关​​系。使用ROC（接收器工作特性）曲线来评估模式眩光测试是否能够区分患者和健康对照。结果与对照组相比，重度抑郁症患者的中SF模式眩光评分显着升高。在fMDD和rMDD之间没有发现图案眩光得分的差异。HCs组中高差异与年龄之间存在显着的负相关。其他变量与模式眩光得分之间没有相关性。SF中评分在重度抑郁症的诊断中价值有限。结论我们观察到重度抑郁症患者的模式眩光水平增加，反映了重度抑郁症患者皮质超兴奋性的存在。SF评分中值可能有助于了解重度抑郁症的皮层兴奋性。HCs组中高差异与年龄之间存在显着负相关。其他变量与模式眩光得分之间没有相关性。SF中评分在重度抑郁症的诊断中价值有限。结论我们观察到重度抑郁症患者的模式眩光水平增加，反映了重度抑郁症患者皮质超兴奋性的存在。SF评分中值可能有助于了解重度抑郁症的皮层兴奋性。HCs组中高差异与年龄之间存在显着负相关。其他变量与模式眩光得分之间没有相关性。SF中评分在重度抑郁症的诊断中价值有限。结论我们观察到重度抑郁症患者的模式眩光水平增加，反映了重度抑郁症患者皮质超兴奋性的存在。SF评分中值可能有助于了解重度抑郁症的皮层兴奋性。结论我们观察到重度抑郁症患者的模式眩光水平增加，反映了重度抑郁症患者皮质超兴奋性的存在。SF评分中值可能有助于了解重度抑郁症的皮层兴奋性。结论我们观察到重度抑郁症患者的模式眩光水平增加，反映了重度抑郁症患者皮质超兴奋性的存在。SF评分中值可能有助于了解重度抑郁症的皮层兴奋性。