Adolf Meyer’s insights into the neuroanatomy of the optic radiation play an important role in understanding the development of visual field deficits after temporal lobe resection. He studied medicine in Zurich, where his interest in neuroanatomy was influenced by his teachers, Constantin von Monakow and Auguste-Henri Forel. After graduation in 1890, he studied in France, Scotland and England for 2 years. Here he came into contact with well-known neurologists, including Jules Dejerine and John Hughlings Jackson, and the neurosurgeon Victor Horsley. He enriched his anatomical knowledge with a doctoral thesis on the structure of the forebrain of reptiles. In 1892, he emigrated to the USA and started teaching neuroanatomy and pathology. Particularly in the 19th century, these disciplines played a significant role in psychiatry that was still closely connected to neurology. The pinnacle of his career was attained in 1910 with his appointment as director of the psychiatric clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital. This historical essay aims to depict the neuroanatomist behind the well-known psychiatrist Meyer, and especially the less known historical context in which he described, in 1907, that part of the optic radiation, which, coming from the lateral geniculate body, bulges ventrally to the temporal pole, and then bends posteriorly, along and beneath the temporal horn to the calcarine cortex, known today as ‘Meyer’s loop’.

中文翻译：

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阿道夫·迈耶（Adolf Meyer）：迈耶环背后的神经解剖学家和神经精神病医生及其在神经外科中的意义。

阿道夫·迈耶（Adolf Meyer）对视辐射的神经解剖学的见解在理解颞叶切除术后视野缺损的发展方面起着重要作用。他在苏黎世学习医学，在那里他对神经解剖学的兴趣受到了他的老师Constantin von Monakow和Auguste-Henri Forel的影响。1890年毕业后，他在法国，苏格兰和英国学习了2年。在这里，他与知名的神经病学家接触，包括朱尔斯·德杰里恩（Jules Dejerine）和约翰·休林斯·杰克逊（John Hughlings Jackson），以及神经外科医生维克托·霍斯利（Victor Horsley）。他通过有关爬行动物前脑结构的博士学位论文丰富了他的解剖学知识。1892年，他移居美国，开始教授神经解剖学和病理学。特别是在19世纪，这些学科在仍然与神经病学密切相关的精神病学中发挥了重要作用。1910年，他被任命为约翰·霍普金斯医院（Johns Hopkins Hospital）精神病学诊所的主任，达到了职业生涯的顶峰。这篇历史性论文旨在描述著名的精神科医生Meyer背后的神经解剖学家，尤其是鲜为人知的历史背景，他在1907年描述了来自侧面膝状体的，从腹侧膨出的部分光辐射。颞极，然后沿着颞角在颞角下方向后弯曲，到达钙化皮质，今天称为“迈耶环”。