We deconstruct continuous streams of action into smaller, meaningful events. Research has shown that the ability to segment continuous activity into such events and remember their contents declines with age; however, knowledge improves with age. We investigated how young and older adults use knowledge to more efficiently encode and later remember information from everyday events by having participants view a series of self-paced slideshows depicting everyday activities. For some activities, older adults produce more normative scripts than do young adults (older adult activities) and for other activities, young adults produce more normative scripts than do older adults (young adult activities). Overall, participants viewed event boundaries longer than within events (i.e., the event boundary advantage) replicating prior research (e.g., Hard, Recchia, & Tversky, 2011). Importantly, older adults demonstrated the boundary advantage for the older adult activities but not the young adult activities, and they also had better recognition memory for the older adult activities than the young adult activities. We also found that the magnitude of a participant's boundary advantage was associated with better memory, but only for the less knowledgeable activities. Results indicate that older adults use their intact knowledge to better encode and remember everyday activities, but that knowledge and event segmentation may have independent influences on event memory.

中文翻译：

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知识和衰老对日常活动的编码和检索的不同影响。

我们将连续的行动流分解为较小的有意义的事件。研究表明，将连续活动划分为此类事件并记住其内容的能力会随着年龄的增长而下降；但是，知识会随着年龄的增长而提高。我们调查了年轻人和老年人如何利用知识来使参与者观看一系列描述日常活动的自定进度的幻灯片，从而更有效地编码并后来记住了日常事件中的信息。对于某些活动，老年人产生的规范性文字比年轻人（老年人的活动）更多，而对于其他活动，年轻人产生的规范性文字比老年人（年轻人的活动）更多。总体而言，与以往研究（例如Hard，Recchia，＆Tversky，2011年）。重要的是，老年人展示出老年人活动的边界优势，而不是年轻人活动，并且与年轻人活动相比，他们对老年人活动的认知记忆也更好。我们还发现，参与者边界优势的大小与更好的记忆力有关，但仅适用于知识较少的活动。结果表明，老年人利用他们的完整知识来更好地编码和记住日常活动，但是知识和事件细分可能对事件记忆具有独立的影响。并且他们对年轻人的活动的认知记忆也要比年轻人的活动更好。我们还发现，参与者边界优势的大小与更好的记忆力有关，但仅适用于知识较少的活动。结果表明，老年人利用他们的完整知识来更好地编码和记住日常活动，但是知识和事件细分可能对事件记忆具有独立的影响。并且他们对年轻人的活动的认知记忆也要比年轻人的活动更好。我们还发现，参与者边界优势的大小与更好的记忆力有关，但仅适用于知识较少的活动。结果表明，老年人利用他们的完整知识来更好地编码和记住日常活动，但是知识和事件细分可能对事件记忆具有独立的影响。